Service Lifecycle Management (Subject) / Service Systems Engineering: Customer and Data-Driven Service (Lecture) (Lesson)

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• Describe 3 Prototypes in the Design Thinking Process. • Critical Function Prototype: Low-fidelity prototype that aims to implement a critical function (fundamental and necessary function) of the service/product. With this prototype the design team can understand and test critical functions.   • Critical Experience Prototype: Low-fidelity prototype that aims to create an experience that is “real enough” to gather insights. This prototype is all about discovering the product/service experience users would like to have.   • Dark Horse Prototype: Low-fidelity prototype that is meant to expand the design solutions by testing crazy or unrealistic ideas. This prototype aims gather new or unexpected ideas and enables new requirement insights.   • Funky Prototype: Mid-fidelity prototype that aims to combine the most promising prototypes of the previous phase, to provide an overview of the whole system. This prototype does not need to be fully functional and is used to decide which functionalities and features the final solution should include. It also leads the design team to consider and resolve technical issues, which have not been faced yet.   • Functional System Prototype: Mid-fidelity prototype aims to give an outlook of the final system with all features and functions necessary. It enables users to test out the intended functionalities and experience when using the product/service. It forces the design team to bring together all features and ideas they want to provide to the user.   • X-is-Finished Prototype: Mid-fidelity or high-fidelity prototype that is based on the functional system. In this prototype some features are already finished and can be tested on a usability level.   • Final Prototype: High-fidelity prototype that represents the final solution of the product/service. It can be used to perform final user testing, before an expensive development is set up."
• What is a MVP (Minimal Viable Product) and describe it’s benefits. The Minimal viable product is that version of the product that enables a full turn of the Build-Measure-Learn loop with a minimum amount of effort and the least amount of development time. 
• What are the main characteristics of Design Thinking? Design thinking is a dynamic approach to problem solving by developing new ideas. It works well on poorly bounded problems and utilizes prototyping and iteration for rapid learning and improvement. For Example, principles of Design Thinking are fail forward, fail often and therefore early, be experimental and test with your customer and user. It includes many methods for generating alternatives to increase innovation outcomes. With Design thinking you can approach to problem finding. For example “Prototyping” is used to provoke new questions and reveal latent needs. It opens a new perspective on value creation, a human-centered, co-creation process focused on real end-user needs that yields the highest value to all stakeholders. Design Thinking can be separated into five modes, empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test.
• What are the main characteristics of Lean Startup? First, a startup is a human institution designed to deliver a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainty. The problem a lot of startups face is that they don’t build what the customers want.                    Under Lean Startup we describe a scientific process to find out what customers wants. The goal of this method is to eliminate waste and increase value-producing practices. The Central Process of Lean Startup is Build-Measure-Learn (BML).   There are several Method’s you can use in BML. To learn faster you can use Split Tests (A/B Tests), to Build faster you can use usability tests and cloud computing and for faster measurement you can use real time monitoring and continuous deployment.   Part of BML is the core idea of the minimal viable product (MVP). The MVP is that version of the product, that enables a full turn of the Build-Measure-Learn loop with a minimum amount of effort and the least amount of development time.    
• What are the similarities and differences between Design Thinking and Lean Startup? Similarities: -Design Thinking and Lean Startup assume extreme uncertainty. -Design Thinking and Lean Startup assume that users are unaware of their desires. -Design Thinking and Lean Startup assume that a rapid cycle of building and learning is the only way to generate useful data. Differences: • Lean Startup is management blueprint for startups: -follows a vision and looks for the market fit -emphasizes ways to manage and measure progress -focus attention on testing and learning • Design Thinking focuses on creativity, innovation and regularity: -finds the importance (market fit) first -focuses on empathy, collaboration and action -has no blueprint, but also focuses on a prototype/test cycle

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