Biochemie (Subject) / Schriftliche Endprüfung (Lesson)

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• 51. Which one is a volatile fatty acid? Acetate, propionate and butyrate
• 52. Which compound can be produced from HMG – CoA? Cholesterol, KBS
• 53. Which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of pyruvate to oac? Pyruvte carboxylase
• 54. What are the uncoupling factors? Dinitrophenol and thermogenine
• 55. Which fatty acid has the longest chain? DHA , 22 C
• 56.What is the glucose level in ruminents? 2-3 mmol/l
• 57. Glucose in birds? 8 – 9mmol/l
• 58. Glucose level in dogs? 4-5 mmol/l
• 59. What is the 1st messenger in fat metabolism? Adrenalin, nor – adrenalin, glucagon and ACTH
• How many hydrogen bonds can be formed between A & T? 2
• How many hydrogen bonds can be formed between C & G? 3
• Where is chondroitin sulfate found? Bone and tendon
• Name some ketoses? Dihydroxyacetone, fructose and ribulose 
• Name som aldoses? Glyceraldehyde, glucose, ribose, deoxy-ribose, galactose and mannose + erythrose 
• Which amino acids has an alkaline side chain? Arginine, lysine and histidine 
• True concerning membrane form? Specific inhibition exists 
• What is deletion? Deletion is the loss of genetic material. Frame shift. 
• Which enzyme catalyses an irreversible reaction? Ser-Proteases (Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, acetylcholinesterase) by DIPF 
• Adenine + 2 phosphate + deoxyribose forms? dADP, Deoxyadenosine diphosphate 
• Types of bond that plays a major role in stable beta-pleated sheet structure? Intramolecular H-bond 
• Which amino acids has an acidic side chain? Aspartic acid/aspartate (Asp), glutamic acid and glutamate (Glu) 
• Which enzyme does not use a co-factor? Trypsin
• Elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin is produced in? Pancreas
• Which enzyme has an pH optium in highly acidic (pH 1-3) range? Pepsin
• Inducible enzymes? Lactose/Lactase
• What group does lecithin belong to? Phospholipids
• Which one is a heteropolysaccharide? Glucosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, heparin and chondroitin sulphate
• Which vitamin has a role in sulphate group binding? Vitamin A
• Where can you find heparin? In the granules of mast cells, in the liver and lung 
• Intracellular protein? Keratin
• Why is DNA semiconservative? Because each helix that is created contains one strand from the helix from which it was copied. Replication of one helix results in two daughter helices each of which contains one of the original parental helical strands
• Which bond is between base and ribose? N-glycosidic bond
• Which bond is between pentose(ribose) and phosphate? Phosphate/ester bond
• Transport of fa into mitochondria? Carnithine
• Stereo specific enzyme? L-glutamate dehydrogenase, D-amino acid oxidase
• Proteins with tertiary structure? Triose phosphate isomerase and glycolate oxidase
• Stability of keratin is from which bonds? Disulpide bonds of cysteine
• What is polyadenylation(poly-A-tailing)? 100-200 pcs of AMP is built on the 3’ end of mRNA by polyA polymerase → formation of polyA- tail
• What is splicing? Removal of introns and ligation of exons to form mature mRNA
• Where does splicing take place? In the nucleus
• What is splicing catalyzed by? snRNAs
• What is the primary component of wool fiber? Low-sulfur alpha-keratins
• Which one is a part of a promoter in eukaryotes? TATA box and GC box
• Which one is a part of a promoter in prokaryotes? Pribnow box and CAP-cAMP binding site
• What do we need for transcription? DNA template, NTPs and enzyme
• Mature eukaryotic mRNA is composed of? 7-methyl-GTP cap, UTR, exons, UTR and poly-A-tailing
• If you have EcoRi and cut at GAATTC what do you get? Sticky ends
• Which polymerization synthesizes something to new DNA in replication in prokaryotes? DNA polymerase III
• What does ligase enzyme? Joining the new and old DNA strands
• Which has an important role in preventing mutations? DNA polymerase I

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