What is in bonds of tropocollagen?
Covalent cross links, disulfide and H-bonds
What happens in white adipose tissue?
PPP, FA synthesis, lipogenesis
Where can you find ionic bonds?
Between polar, charged side chains (Arg, Lys, His, Glu, Asp)
Where can you find dipol-dipol-interactions?
Between polar, non-charged side chains(Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln)
If the pH is 7.6 what is going on?
Between 7.45 and 7.8 is alkalosis. Increased resorption of H+ through the kidneys
If the pH of blood is 7.2 what is going on?
Between 7.35 and 7.0 is acidosis. May help the rebuilding of the acid- base balance by increased excretion of H+ in the kidneys
Which type is nucleosomes?
Nucleosome is a structure in your chromosomes (bundled DNA). The protein portion of a nucleosome is made of histones -> H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and H1
Sites found on large ribosome unit?
,,P” site
Ser-protease can be inhibited?
At Ser-195 by DIPF
If the reaction is exergonic, what happened?
More energy is released then was invested in the breaking of bonds
Endopeptidase is split?
In the chain
Exopeptidase is split?
At the end of the chain
Optimal pH for arginase?
Between 8 and 9
Cytochrome oxidase can be irreversible inhibited by?
Cyanid-ions
Name some monosaccharides?
Glucose, ribose and fructose
Name some disaccharides?
Sucrose, maltose and lactose
Name some polysaccharides?
Starch, cellulose and glycogen
What are anomers?
Special types of epimers that occur after cyclization and reflect a change in configuration at the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon (C1)
How is maltose made?
α-D-glu + α-D-glu (α-1,4)
How is cellobiose made?
β-D-glu + β-D-glu (β-1,4)
How is lactose made?
β-D-gal + β-D-glu (β-1,4)
How is sucrose made?
α-D-glu + β-D-fru (α-1,β-2)
Name some homopolysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose
What can glycoproteins be?
Constituents of the cell membrane
Dihydrouridine loop is bound to?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Thymidine- pseudouridine- cytidine loop is bound to?
Ribosome
Translation: carboxyl group of the amino acid forms?
An ester bond with the 3' hydroxyl of the ribose
Start codon AUG codes for the amino acid?
Methionine, used to start synthesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins
After the tRNA molecule delivers its amino acid to the translation complex, it floats away to be recharged with another amino acid. This is done by enzymes called?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS)
Ribosome has two (plus one) binding sites for tRNA, called?
„A” (aminoacyl) and „P” (peptidyl) sites. („E”=exit site is for removal of non-charged tRNA.)
Prokaryotic mRNA is?
Polycistronic, which means that single mRNA can code for several genes (encode more than one polypeptides).
Eukaryotic mRNA is?
Monocistronic containing the coding sequence only for one poly- peptide.
An aminoacyl-tRNA complementary of the mRNA binds in the?
A site (needs GTP and EF-1 alpha) of the the ribosomal large subunit
Translation: peptide bond is formed by?
Peptidyl transferase enzyme (between Met and the 1st amino acid, producing dipeptidyltRNA)
Non-charged (empty) tRNA will be bound?
In the ribosomal E site, and then leaves the ribosome
Translocation requires?
GTP, EF-2 and translocase enzyme
Instead EF-1alpha in prokaryotes?
EF-Tu exists
What are the stop codons?
UAA, UGA, and UAG
What does restriction endonuclease?
Cut DNA at specific palindrom sequence, producing sticky ends
What does reverse transcriptase in retrovirus?
Copy from RNA→ DNA
EcoRI recognizes the double stranded sequence?
5'--GGATCC--3' 3'--CCTAGG--5'
What does DNA ligase?
Repairs broken DNA by joining two nucleotides in a DNA strand
What is bacteriophage?
Virus, which infects microbes such as T2 and lambda phages, infects Escherichia coli
What are cosmids?
Certain plasmids containing small piece of bacteriophage
Which of the following amino acids has alkaline side chain?
A. Aspartate
B. Lysine
C. Cysteine
D. Tyrosine
B. Lysine
Which of the following amino acids has a ring in it's structure?
A. Proline
B. Tryptophan
C. Tyrosine
D. Each answer a) - c)
D. Each answer a) - c)
Which of the followings belongs to the group of post translation modification in proteins?
A. Poly-A-Tailing
B. Hydroxylation
C. 5' capping
D. Each answer a) - c) is right
B. Hydroxylation
Eukaryotic pre-mRNA must go through posttranscriptional modification, that is?
A. 5' capping
B. Poly-A-tailing
C. Splicing
D. Each answer a) - c)
D. Each answer a) - c)
How does the concentration of HCO3 change, when adding lactic acid to the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer solution?
A. The concentration increases
B. The concentration decreases
C. The concentration increases, or doesn't change, depending on the amount of lactic acid added
D. The concentration doesn't change
B. The concentration decreases
Which of the following amino acids participates in the formation of cross linkages between tropocollagen fibers?
A. Proline
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Lysine
D. Lysine
