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Lab d (Subject) / RBC (Lesson)

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• oxigen binding capacity of Hgb ↑ (left shift) ↓ temperatur ↓ 2,3 DPG ↓  [H+] ↓ pCO2
• oxigen binding capacity of Hgb ↓ (right shift) ↑ temperatur ↑ 2,3 DPG ↑  [H+] ↑ pCO2
• methaemoglobin methaemoglobinaemia causes signs Hgb cotaining oxidised iron (3+ form) ↑ methaemoglobin level oxidative damage to the RBC (nitrites, free radicals, paracetamol, onion) dark brown blood, cyanotic mucous membranes
• ↑ Hgb conentration relative (dehydration) or absolute polycytaemia
• ↓ Hgb concentration relative (hyperhydration) absolute oligocytaemia (anaemia)
• RBC count Bürker-chamber method estimated RBC count RBC count measured by automatic cell counter (laser, impedance)
• Parameters Ht, PCV RBC count Hgb concentration and/or function
• Derivative parameters MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hgb) MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration)
• MCH normal young animals Hgb content of RBCs  (↓hypo-, ↑hyperchromasia) normal : 12-30 pg (cat: 13-17, dog 15-24) young animals: ↑ 28-32 pg  
• MCV normal size of the RBCs (macro-, normo-, microcytic) normal: 60-70 fl (cat: 40-53, dog: 63-75) cat, horse = small new born = large young = big adult = small Akita: small Poodle: large
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• causes of microcytosis (↓ MCV) chronic blood loss iron, copper, pyridoxine (vit B6) deficiency portosystemic shunt
• causes of macrocytosis (↑ MCV, mostly regenerative anaemias) polycythaemia absoluta vera (erythroleukemia) Vit B12, folic acid, cobalt deficiency erythroleukemias
• MCHC normal Mean Corpuscular  Haemoglobin Concentration concentration of Hgb in RBCs (↓hypo,- ↔normo-, ↑hyperchromic) normal: 300-350 g/l (30-35%) - normochrom
• hypochromasia (↓ MCHC) new born animals regenerative anaemias iron deficiency anaemia
• hyperchromasia (↑ MCHC) (polycythaemia absoluta vera, erythroleukemia) Vit B12, folic acid, cobalt ddeficiency immunolytic anaemia (spherocytosis) lead poisoning splenectomy
• regenerative anaemias (typical changes in derivated parameters) normocytic, hypochromic: ↑MCV, ↓MCHC (↑Reticulocytes)
• non regenerative anaemias (typical changes in derivated parameters) normocytic, normochromic: ↔MCV, ↔↓MCHC
• Japanese Akita (normal) microcytic, normochromic: ↓MCV, ↔MCHC
• iron, copper, piridoxine deficiency anaemias, liver failure, portosystemic shunt microcytic, hypochromic: ↓MCV, ↓MCHC (↓ Hgb synthesis)
• FeLV infection, Vit B12, Co, or folic acid deficiency erythroleukemia, poodle macrocytosis macrocytic, normochromic: ↑MCV, ↔MCHC, impaired DNA synthesis
• other laboratory measurements in connection with RBCs Serum iron measurement TIBC (Total iron binding capacity)

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