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Bienen (Subject) / Prüfung (Lesson)
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- Name two wasp species? Philantus triangulum “bee wolf” Vespa crabro “horse wasp”
- Causative agent of EFB (european foulbrood)? Melissococcus pluton
- Development of drones takes? 24 days: 3+7+14
- Describe drone eye? A large pair of ocelus and 3 ocelli.
- Which diagnostic method is used to detect nosema? Microscopic examination of dead adults and their digestive tract; in ifected bees the ventriculus is white, soft and swollen. (healty; straw brown, circular constrictions are clearly seen)
- Which diagnostic methods are used to detect sacbrood virus? The findings of dried larva with flattened gondola shaped scales
- The varrola males are found on? Only in capped cells, where they will mate with the female and after die. They prefer drone brood
- Where do the Varroa overwinter? On the adult bees, while they feed of haemolymph
- Which enzymes are there in honey, and where are they produced? Invertase og diastase, they are produced in the pharyngeal glands
- Treatment of wax moth? cleaning of hives at frequent intervalsacetic acid can be used for fumigating combs, but the larvae are resistantformic acid kills the larvaeheating the combs in 49C for 24 hours kills all stagescertan-26
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- Bacterium of the foulbrood and its characteristics? American FB → Paenibacillus larvae; Gr+, slender rod shaped, 2,5-5 microm, motile with flagella European FB → Melissococcus pluton; Gr+, no spores, lacet shaped, 0,5-0,7 microm, occurs singly/pairs/chains, can survive in the cell for many years
- What is the distance of/how big is the locational quarantine? They should be kept 3km or more away from the areas that are to be sprayed with insecticides
- What causes the spring septicaemia? The american foulbrood
- can aspergillus reproduce on adult bees? fungi can multiply in adult bees
- how many bee species? Worldwide there roughly 25,000 species of bees, but only 7 honey bee species arerecognized with a total of 44 subspecies
- how many bees on both side of a comb? 1 kg bee – about 10000 individual 1 comb with bees on both side - 1 kg bee 10x10 cm honey comb (both side) - 300-350 g honey 10x10 cm comb (both side) - 800-850 brood cells
- which lives in the malphigian tubules? Malpighamoeba mellificae (Vahlkampfia mellificae)
- what do bees use to sterilize the cells? Propolis is a brownish resinous material of waxy consistency collected by bees from the buds of trees and used as a cement in repairing and maintaining the hive. Propolis is important for the prevention of infection in the honeycomb. Propolis is used to sterilize the honeycomb cells that contain the larvae, as well as the cells that store the honey and bee pollen. Propolis functions as the natural defense and immune system of the beehive
- name an asian mite Four species of Tropilaelaps mites, only Tropilaelaps clareae and Tropilaelaps mercedesae are considered serious mites to Apis mellifera
- which does nosema prefer drone worker etc ? One of the most destructive diseases of adult bees, affecting workers, queens and drones alike. Larvae are not susceptible! It is on the list of OIE. Clinical manifestation mainly at the end of winter and in spring, very rarely in summer and autumn.
- cyst is infective stage of nosema T/F false, spores? falses --> spores
- distended honey sac infected with cpv sbv kbv etc? cpv, type 1, “paralysis” Isle of Wight Disease nosemosis apium malpighamoeba mellificae
- can v.jacobsoni infect apis mellifera brood/adult (can't remeber which)? Until 2000, it was believed that V. jacobsoni was the mite responsible for widespread honey bee colony losses. Varroa jacobsoni found on Java could not reproduce on Apis mellifera brood.
- can v.jacobsoni infect apis mellifera brood/adult (can't remeber which)? Until 2000, it was believed that V. jacobsoni was the mite responsible for widespread honey bee colony losses. Varroa jacobsoni found on Java could not reproduce on Apis mellifera brood.
- latin name of giant honey bee? A.dorsata
- the louse is often mixed up with? Mites
- the latin name of the bee hive mite? parasitic mites of honeybees: Varroa destructor (Asian big bee mite,most important), Tropilaelaps sp,Acarapis woodi
- what produces pheromones? Queen: produces air-borne pheromones (“queen substance”) that keep the colony functioning orderly
- which gland dont queen and drones dont have? Pharyngeal gland: the most important digestive gland (invertase), not in queens and drones, it produces royal jelly
- when does nosema start to decline winter spring summer autumn? Clinical manifestation mainly at the end of winter and in spring, very rarely in summer and autumn
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- chilled brood would be found where in the comb? Chilling usually occurs in early spring when brood nests expand rapidly, there is a shortage of adult bees to cover all the brood, and the weather suddenly turns cold. Chilled brood are found most often on the fringes of the brood area. Chilled larvae and pupae are often yellowish, tinged with black on segmental margins. They may also be brownish or black, crumbly, pasty, or watery. In extreme cases, brood cells are punctured and uncapped, and pupae are decapitated by the adult bees. Decapitation can also be caused by the larvae of the lesser wax moth.
- The hygienic strain is (wanted the actual strain uurr or UURR etc)? It depends on two recessive genes (U és R)! Hygienic colony – recessive allelles (uurr) Non-hygienic colony – (UURR) F1 hybrid – non-hygienic (UuRr)
- th nosema would you see dysentary failure to fly both neither? Yes
- can nosema infect the queen? One of the most destructive diseases of adult bees, affecting workers, queens and drones alike.
- who can deformed wing virus infect? world-wide, in workers as well as in brood, V. destructor is its vector, deformed or poorly developed shrunken wings, decreased body size, and discoloration in adult bees after eclosing from puparium, they die soon
- Most destructive causative agent (in europe?)? Nosema AFB
- Aspergillus infects young or old? Young, larvae
- who has longest larval stage? Working bee: larva shed its skin about every 24h- 5 larval stages
- Dance of bee - vertical, wiggling, both? Round Dance and Waggle Dance
- causative agent something swollen abdomen? Nosema apis (microsporidium)
- is Ascariosis on OIE list? bbk
- Causative agent Isle of Wight disease? CPV- Chronic Paralysis Virus
- Which color can bees not see? Red
- Infective form of Malpihaemoebosis? Cyst
- how many days can bees be locked up in hive? Max 72 h
- How does bee disinfect comb? (with what) siehe oben (Porolis)
- Paenibacillus larvae infect older or younger larvae? The nurse bees infected during cleaning out the dead larvae from the cells.The spores are fed to young larvae by nurse bees. spores germinate approximately one day after ingestion by the larva the bacteria multiply in the midgut and penetrate to the body cavity through the gut wall one-day-old larvae are the most susceptible larvae older than 2 days need millions of spores larvae die soon after they have been sealed due to septicaemia larvae of queens are more susceptible than larvae of workers When the disease kills a few hundred larvae in a colony the infection usually spreads quickly and the colony dies.
- Stonebrood infect who? In uncapped as well as in capped brood, toxins can kill adult bee, fungi can multiply in adult bee, infects larvae first
- Causative agent of malpighaemoebosis? Amoebosis apium: Pathogen Malpighamoeba mellificae (Vahlkampfia mellificae)
- Which larvae scales easily? Paenbacillus larvae