Biochemie (Subject) / Doermann Lipide (Lesson)
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Biochemie Lipide
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- Non-Glycerolipids Lipids that do not contain glycerol (but may contain fatty acids): Waxes (esters of alcohols and fatty acids; alcohols; alkanes; aldehydes) Sphingolipids Prenyllipids (isoprenoids)CarotenoidsSterollipidsPrenyl quinone lipids
- Waxes In plants: Waxes cover the surface of leaves (cutin) and roots (suberin) prevent exhaustive water loss mixture of:fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, wax ester
- Sphingolipids Sphingolipids: the enigmatic lipids Sphingolipids consist of a long chain base (e.g. sphingosine) to which a fatty acid isbound in amide linkage, and a head group „R“ (e.g. glucose) in glycosidic linkage. Sphingolipids are found in the plasma membrane, in the Endoplasimic Reticulum, in the vacuole... In animals, they are abundant in neural tissues.
- Terpenoids (Isoprenoids, Prenyl lipids) Otto Wallach: Isoprene rule:Many terpenoids are constructed by joining isoprene units.(Nobel prize 1910) Leopold Rzicka:cationic intermediates are involved in the synthesis, cyclizationand further derivatization of terpenoids.(Nobel prize 1939)
- Isoprenoids Terpenoids, named after terpentin oil, where they are abundantor isoprenoids, after their biosynthetic precuror, isoprene-diphosphate Isoprenoids are designated according to the number of incorporated isopreneunits: C5 Because originally, it was believed that a C10 unit is the building block forisoprenoids, nomenclature starts with C10 = monoterpene
- synthesis of isopentenylpyrophosphate Two different pathways exist for the synthesis of isopentenylpyrophosphate(IPP), the precursor for isoprenoid biosynthesis CytosolAnimals Plants (cytosolic pathway) Yeast- Mevalonatweg ist ein Stoffwechselweg in Eukaryoten, über den von Acetyl-CoA ausgehend die Biosynthese von Isoprenoiden erfolgt und damit der Aufbau von Steroiden und Sekundärmetaboliten ermöglicht wird. Endprodukt des Mevalonatwegs ist nach sechs Schritten Isopentenylpyrophosphat (IPP) und Dimethylallylpyrophosphat (DMAPP), die Ausgangsstoffe im Menschen für die Cholesterinbiosynthese und die Steroidbiosynthese. Teile des Mevalonatwegs finden im Zytosol und in den Peroxisomen statt. ChloroplastPlants (plastidial pathway) Bacteria-