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Onko (Subject) / x14 Untergasser (Lesson)

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• How does vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) act on endothelial cells? VEGF bind to surface membrane receoptors of endothelia cells (VEGFR)
• Which transcription factor is induced upon hypoxia in tumor cells? VEGF
• How can tumor angiogenesis be inhibited? Antibodies against VEGF-A : Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) VEGF-Trap (Aflibercept®) Bevacizumab (Avastin®) Antibody against VEGFR-2 : Ramucirumab (Cyramza®) Inhibitors of Receptor- Tyrosinekinase-Activity: Sunitinib (Sutent®) Sorafenib (Nexavar®)
• Which organelles are specific for endothelial cells? vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO)
• Which gateways are used by tumor cells to metastasize? lymph and blood vessels.

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