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Abnormal Psychology (Subject) / Definitions (Lesson)

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• positive symptoms behavioral excesses in schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions
• prepared learning in classical conditioning theory, a biological predisposition to associate particular stimuli readily with the unconditioned stimulus
• prevalence in epidemiological studies of a disorder, the percentage of a population that has the disorder at a given time
• rapid cycling term applied to bipolar disorders if the person has experienced at least four eisodes in the past year
• reactivity phenomenon wherein behavor changes because it is being observed
• schizoaffective disorder diagnosis applied when a patient has symptoms of both mood disorder and either schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia
• schizophreniform disorder diagnosis given to people who have all the symptoms of schizohrenia for more than two weeks but less than six months
• (selective) serotonin reuptake inhibitors - (S)SRIs SRIs: any of various drugs that inhibit the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, thereby prolonging its effects on postsynaptic neurons SSRIs: less effect on dopamin and norepinephrine levels
• single nucleotid polymorphism (SNP) variation in gene sequence differences between people in a single nucleotide (A,T,G, or C) in the DNA sequence of a particular gene
• social selection hypotheses an attempt to explain the correlation between social class and schizophrenia by arguing that people with schizophrenia tend to move downward in socioeconomic status
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• sociogenic hypothesis an idea that seeks causes in social conditions, for example, that being in a low social class can cause one to develop schizophrenia
• systematic desensitization major behavior therapy procedure that has a fearful person, while deepla relaxed, imagine a series of progressively more fearsome situations
• internal validity extent to which results con be confidently attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable
• concurrent validity extent to which previously undiscovered features are found among patients with the same diagnosis
• predictive validity extent to which predictions can be made about the future behavior of patients with the same diagnosis
• content validity extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest
• criterion validity extent to which a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure (the criterion)
• white matter neural tissue, particularly of the brain and spinal cord, consisting of tracts or bundles of myelinated nerve fibers

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