What is lexical ambiguity?
Ambiguity cause by a word that has more than one meaning (e.g. bank)
What is a "garden-path sentence"?
A sentence that initially gives riseto an incorrect interpretation ,necessitating backtracking and reinterpretation.
What are two possible ways to process a whole sentence?
1) Word by word 2) Read or hear the whole sentence first and then make sense of it.
Which of the two possible ways would make a big demand on the working memory?
The "wait and see approach". The other approach is "word by word approach" which would not demand to hold information for a long time.
What is the "immediacy principle"?
It sais that we process as we go along the sentence. It's the most favourable approach.
Which knowledge is used in sentence processing?
Syntactic, semantic and pragmatic.
What is a "node"?
In a phrase structure tree, a node is each point at which the tree branches.
It is assumed that we use what to recover the syntatctic structure of a sentence?
Heuristic strageties.
What is the "noun-verb-noun" stragety?
It's a heuristic that we use to make sense of sentences.
What are two basic strageties that people use to keep their inition syntactic parsing as simple as possible?
"Late closure strategy"; "Minimal attachment stragety"
What is the "late closure" stragety?
If gramatically permissible, each new incoming term is attached to the clause or phrase currently being processed.
What is parsing?
The process of analysing a string of words into grammatical constituents.
What is lexicalisation?
Process by which the thought that underlies a word is turned into the sound of that word.
How many stages is the process of lexicalisation thought to have ?
Its assumes to be a two stage process.
What are the two stages in lexicalisation?
Lemma and Lexeme.
Do lemma and lexeme explain the "tip of the tongue" state?
Yes.
Explain what "lemma" is.
Lemma is the abstract representation of a word. its the semantic representation of the word and the syntactic information associated with it (not phonological form)
What is described as lexeme?
The actual phonological form of a word.
Are Slips of the Tongues systematic?
yes.
What is used to investigate the process that starts with a thoughts and endds in speech?
Slip of the tongues.
What four types of slips of the tongue?
Word substitutions Word exchanges Sound exchange errors Morpheme exchange or "stranding" errors.
What is Garrett's model?
According to Garrett's model the production of a sentence involves a series of levels which all happen independent from each other.
What are the different levels in Garrett's theory?
Message level Functional level Positional level Phonetic level Articulation level
