Nautical Charting (Subject) / Klausur (Lesson)

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• Was bedeutet IHO / IMO? IHO: International Hydrographic Organisation IMO: International Maritime Organisation
• What is IHO an umbrella organisation for? For which authorities? The IHO is an umbrella organisation for the hydrographic offices of the member states
• What is the S-57 standard? What is the basement of the S-57 standard? The S-57 is an international standard for the exchange of maritim data. Basement of the S-57 standard is the S-57 object catalogue.
• What standard follows the S-57? The S-100 and S-101 follow the S-57 standard
• What is the standard for the presentation of the data? The standard for the presentation of the data is the S-52 standard.
• What does the S-52 presentation library describe? Colors, Symbols and how they are presented in the chart.
• What does SENC stand for? System internal electronic navigational chart
• What are the advantages of ENCs if compared to the digital raster format? The interaction between the system and the user. Better resolution.
• What is a safety contour? Lines which show the safety area in relation to the depth. Depends on Draft of the ship.
• What is SCAMIN? SCAMIN determines the minimum display scale of an object. Improves the drawing speed of an ENC and reduces cluttering.
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• What is ECS and what's the difference to ECDIS? Electronic charting system is a leaner version of ECDIS Less functionalities and shows only a chart without additional information ECDIS has a connection with different navigational aids and is type approved.
• What is AIS? Automatic identification system. It send's the ship's name, course etc.
• Which are the 2 components of a S-57 object. The two components are the feature part and the spatial part.
• What is shared geometry? Two or more objects can share a single geometry.
• What are the 4 categories of S-57 spatial objects? Points, Lines, Area, Soundings
• Why do the soundings have a z-coordinate? In order to group them.
• What is a node? A node is a topology type in the S-57. There are isolated nodes and connected nodes which are part of an edge.
• What is an edge? The border / line of a polgon.
• What are the 4 types of feature object classes? Geo, Meta, Collection, Cartographical.
• What is the function of the M_COVR attribute in the meta object? Mange limits of data and no data areas in a cell.
• Which are the six ENC usage bands / scale ranges? Overview, General, Coast, Approach, Harbour, Berthing
• What is the agency code? The AC shows the producer of the S-57 data.
• What is a FOID? Feature Object ID
• Name the three most important group 1 objects - LNDCVR: Land coverage - DEPARE: Navigable Depth area - DRGARE: Dredged Area
• What are the most important features of group 1 objects? - No gaps and no overlaps. - Always seen at all scales
• Which components are contained in a S-57 exchange set? Mandatory Components: ENC data, catalogue and text files Optional Components: Possible Updates, Readme.txt, Other text files, images
• What is a RENC? Regional ENC Center. It is in charge of distribution, organisation and coordination of the data. Also makes the validation check of the data and the S-63 encoding.
• What are the conditions neccessary to leave the paper chart on shore? - ECDIS with type approval - Official ENCs - Arrange official update service
• What are soundings? The depth value is stored in the spatial object. Depths of other objects become attribute values. Adding third dimension.
• Why do soundings have a z-coordinate? In order to group them to one or more feature objects.
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• What are the mandatory attributes?` Attributes which have to be given to describe an object. They are marked with a star in the object catalogue.
• What are meta attributes? - M_COVR: Describes data and no data values in a cell - Meta_NSYS: Encodes the navigational marks system, used in an ENC where data exists - M_NYSY: objects with the attribute MARSYS must cover the entire cell where there is data - M_QUAL: Encodes quality of bathymetric depth data in an ENC multiple M_QUAL with the attribute CATZOC must fill out the cell where data exists
• Which data set types exist in an ENC? - New data set: All new ENC cells for which no data exists so far - Updata: Changing information in an existing database - Re-Issue: Melts existing datasets and updates - New edition: A re-issue with new updates not previsously distributed - Cancellation: When an ENC is removed from use
• What are the three types of update mechanisms? Insert, Modify, Delete
• Which organisation publishes ENCs in germany? The BSH
• In which geographical area do the germans produce official ENCs? The germans produce the official ENCs inside the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

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