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Leadership & Motivation (Subject) / 1. Introduction: What is leadership (Lesson)
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- Definition of Leadership Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.
- Trait definition of leadership Certrain individuals habe special innate or inborn characteristics or qualities that differentiate them from nonleaders. - Resides in select people (befindet sich in) - Restricted to those with inborn talent
- Process definition of leadership Leadership is an interaction between leader and followers - Observed in leadership behavior - Can be learned
- Assigned Leadership Leadership based on occupying a position within an organization. - Team leaders - Plant managers - Department heads - Directors
- Emergent leadership An individual perceived (wahrgenommen) by others as the most influential member of a group or organization regardless of the individual`s title. Emerges over time through communication behaviors: - Verbal involvement - Beeing involvement - Seek other`s opinions - Being firm but not rigid (fest aber nicht starr sein)
- Leadership emergence and effectiveness Leadership emergence: - How does a person become a leader? - Process in which leaders are assigned or gain power? Leadership effectiveness: - How successful is a person as a leader?- Focuses on leader trait, skills, and behavoir after the assignment
- Leadership and Power - Power Power: the capacity and potential to influence - Ability to affect other`s beliefs, attitudes & actions (die Fähigkeit und das Potenzial zur Einflussnahme) - Power is a relational concern for both leaders and followers
- Six Bases of Social Power - Short Version: Personal Power = Power is derived (abgeleitet) from beeing seen as likable and knowledgeable 1. Referent Power 2. Expert Power Position Power = Power derived from office or rank in an organization 3. Legitimate Power 4. Reward Power 5. Coercive Power 6. Infomation Power
- Six Bases of Social Power - 1. Referent Power Personal Power = Power is derived from beeing seen as likable and knowledgeable 1. Referent Power = Based on followers identification and liking for the leader. Example: A teacher who is adored by students has referent power
- Six Bases of Social Power - 2. Expert Power Personal Power = Power is derived from beeing seen as likable and knowledgeable 2. Expert Power = Based on followers perceptions (Wahrnehmungen) of the leader`s competence. Example: A tour guide who ist knowledgeable about a foreign country has expert power.
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- Six Bases of Social Power - 3. Legitimate Power Position Power = Power derived from office or rank in an organization 3. Legitimate Power = Associated with having status or formal job authority. Example: A judge who administers sentences in a courtroom exhibits legitimate power
- Six Bases of Social Power - 4. Reward Power Position Power = Power derived form the office or rank in an organization 4. Reward Power = Derived from having the capacity to provide rewards to others Example: A supervisor who compliments employees who work hard is using reward power
- Six Bases of Social Power - 5. Coercive Power Position Power = Power derives from office or rank in an organization 5. Coercive Power = Derived from having the capacity to penalize or punish others Example: A coach who sits playsers on the bench for beeing to late is using his coercive power.
- Six Bases of Social Power = 6. Information Power Position Power = Power derived from office or rang in an organization 6. Information Power = Derived from possessing (besitzen) knowledge that others want or need Example: A bos who has the information regarding new criteria to decide employee promotion eligibility (Anspruchsgrundlage/ Qualifokation) has information power
- Personal Power vs. Position Power Personal Power = Power is derived from beeing seen as likable and knowledgeable Position Power = Power dericed from office or rank in an organization
- 5. Coercion Power - Definition - Coercion involves: - Examples of coercive leaders Definition: Coercion = Power and restrain (Zurückhaltung) used to force followers to engange in extreme behaviors Coercion involves: - use of force to effect change - Influencing others to do something via manipulatin of rewards and penalties in the work environement - Use of threats, punishments, and negative rewards (Belohnungen) Example of coercive leaders: - Adolf Hitler
- Leadership and Management - Overriding functions Leadership: The overriding function of leadership is to produce change and movement. Management:The overriding function of leadership is to provide order and consistency to organizations.
- 5. Coercion Power - Definition - Coercion involves: - Examples of coercive leaders Definition: Coercion = Power and restrain (Zurückhaltung) used to force followers to engange in extreme behaviors Coercion involves: - use of force to effect change - Influencing others to do something via manipulatin of rewards and penalties in the work environement - Use of threats, punishments, and negative rewards (Belohnungen) Example of coercive leaders: - Adolf Hitler
- Leadership and Management - Management The overriding function of management is to provide order and consistency to organiations. 1. Planning and Budgeting - Establish agendas - Set timetable - Allocate resources 2. Organizing and Staffing - Provide structues - Make job placements - Establish rules and procedures 3. Controlling and Problem Solving - Develop incentives - Generate creative solutions - Take corrective actions
- Leadership and Management - Leadership Leadership has the overriding function of change and movement. 1. Establishing Direction - Create a vision - Clarify big picture - Set strategies 2. Alligning People (zuweisen) - Communicate goals - Seek commitment - Build teams and coalitions 3. Motivating and Inspiring - Inspire and energize - Empower subordinated - Satisfy unmet needs