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Linguistik Vorlesung (Subject) / Late Modern English (Lesson)
Klausur
This lesson was created by littleflyingbirdy.
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- Dictionaries and Grammars Dr Samuel Johnson:-1746-1755 wrote the Dictionary of Eng langugae (around 42 000 entries)-helped to stabilize spellings and word meanings-was treated as authorityGrammars (were normally grammars of Latin)-17th ct grammars of English deeply influenced by grammars of Latin-many had strong prescriptive bent-in 18th ct large number of handbooks on correct and polite usage--> 200 works appeared between 1750-1800-most influential: Robert Lowth-contain origins of most grammar still talked about nowadays-rules of 'correct' grammar usage were drawn uphotly debated-should dicts and grammars reflect usage OR-tell what's right and wrong
- Prescriptivism vs Descriptivism -from this period we inherit the prescriptive attitudes towards langugae-no academy but 1. grammars and dictionaries in 17th century-18th ct brought the first comprehensive dicts and a large number of En grammars:were understood as authoritycommonly regardedprescriptions of correct useshow a language is used vs how it should be used-related to the myth of 'talking proper'-18th ct: socially aspiring middle class -> eager to correct in terms of pronounciation-19th ct: manuels and self help book-20th ct: witnessed 'climax' and 'fall' of RP (standard English) as desirable accent-21th ct: business communication
- Expansion of English 1700-GVS was completed-3rd person forms like loveth had dissapeared from educated speech-thou, thee and forms like lovest had dissapeared-aux do as we use it today--> differs only slightly from the English we know today-classical period of Eng literature (Daniel Dafoe, Henry Fielding)-the English of Science (borrowing Latin and Greek words, coining new words with Latin and Greek morphemes)-1660 Royal society (acid, electricity)-eleborate syntax matches eleborate vocabulary-Rise of English Purism (Jonathan Swift)-18th-19th imperialism --> borrowing from around the world-development of American Eng 19th ct-Establishement of Eng in Australia, South Africa, India and other British colonies
- Standardisation of spelling + Codification -in ME there had been no standard spelling--> printing press--> number of widely accepted convetions by mid 1500sby the end of EModE:-spelling had been standardized in printed books-still considerable variations in people's private writings-end of 17th ct standard was already archaic (veraltet) --> chaosCodification:-attempt to regulate the language especially prominent in second half of the 18th century-growing feeling that English needed to be ruled and regulated-ruled language --> acceptable usage is explicitly laid down-e.g.: grammars and dictionaries-between 1650 and 1700 strong movement: establishment of Eng academy --> to be fine and correct: correct usage
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