GMAT (Fach) / GMAT - Introduction (Lektion)
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- What is a conclusion? A conclusion is a position, opinion or judgment reached after a consideration of evidence or facts. = inference One clue which can help you identify a conclusion is that conclusions are often recommendations made by the argument's author: Examples 1. The company lost money last year. The company should do so and so. 2. The company lost money last year. It is recommended that the company do so and so.
- What is a passage? A passage is a text. There are four reading passages in the Verbal section. = text A remark is a short statement made by someone verbally. It is usually only one sentence in length. A passage is a written text consisting of many sentences
- What is a premise? A premise is a fact, a given or data. It is the factual basis that we accept as true.
- Argument and argue The word argument has two meanings. In everyday English it is usually used as a synonym for a debate or disagreement. However, in the GMAT it is used more often in its second meaning, which is a claim. Example: An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research. In the same way, the verb argue has two meanings in English. The first one, used in everyday language, means to lead a conversation about a disagreement. In the GMAT, however, the more common meaning of to argue is to claim, to express a belief. Example: Some argue that allowing anyone to edit it makes Wikipedia unreliable. In Critical Reasoning questions, an argument is a set of one or more sentences known as the premises, along with another sentence known as the conclusion. Example: An argument is made up of premises (data) and a conclusion which was drawn on the basis of these premises.
- Initial Reading Initial Reading, a technique for extracting the main idea and structure of the passage with minimum effort and time. Initial Reading involves reading the first 2-3 sentences of the first paragraph and the first sentence in each of the other paragraphs.
- Conclusion/assumption In addition, this answer choice uses the word thus, which is a conclusion word. This means that the answer choice contains a conclusion. Since we're looking for an assumption and not for a conclusion, this answer choice can be eliminated.
- Argument An argument is made up of: One or more Premises - factual data or a given; A Conclusion - statement, opinion, or judgment based on the premise(s)
- Conjunctions words such as but, because, therefore and moreover - are a great tool for identifying the argument's components: Conclusion conjunctions help us identify the conclusion, which normally appears AFTER such words. This group includes: therefore thus consequently hence so which means that it follows that For example: Structure: [premise]. Therefore, [conclusion]. Example: Jane is hungry. Therefore, she will be making herself a sandwich soon.
- Reason conjunctions also help identify the conclusion, which appears BEFORE these words. Reason words include words such as because since and as Structure: [conclusion] because [premise]. Example: Jane will be making herself a sandwich soon because she is hungry. Naturally, this means reason conjunctions can also help us identify the premise, which will appear immediately AFTER these words, as can be seen in the example above.
- Inference question is made up of premises only you need to find a conclusion stemming from those premises:Premise A: Company GoGo started giving inefficient workers the hardest tasks. +Premise B: This policy raised productivity and while maintaining a tight schedule. In other words, more work at the same time, or increased efficiency. =Conclusion: ? We can properly conclude that if workers who were inefficient got the harder tasks and became more efficient because of this, then the problem was not with their abilities as workers, but rather with the nature of the easier tasks.
- Assumption question first break down the argument. Sentences 1, 2, and 3 present factual information, so they are the premises. Sentence 4 uses the conclusion word deduced so we can tell that it is the author's conclusion.Now ask yourself: the author believes that making low quality products is bad for the economy. The premises in the argument do not actually support this conclusion, so the author must have made an assumption to reach it. There is no data in the argument that actually links the production of low quality products to a negative effect on the economy. This cause-and-effect relationship must be assumed by the author in order to reach the conclusion.
- Conclusion Weakening question first break down the argument. The first sentence is a premise which provides factual data. The health official's recommendation is the conclusion.Premise A: an unknown virus has killed at least 83 people = Official's suggestion: wear masks to avoid catching the virus Possible assumption: masks prevent the contraction of the virus Weakening Data: ? You are required to find data that weakens the health officials' suggestion that masks should be worn to avoid the virus. The correct answer could be one that exposes the argument's assumption. this answer choice weakens the health officials' suggestion by providing an example of another virus outbreak. The example undermines the suggestion because the virus in Tropalle was contracted through the skin. Masks would be useless in preventing the spreading of such a virus.