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Main features and differences of the schools of thought

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  • 3 Prescriptive schools:   Design school: Strategy formation as a process of conception Planning school: Strategy formation as a formal process Positioning school: Strategy formation as an analytical process  
  • 6 Descriptive schools: Prescriptive Prescriptive Prescriptive Entrepreneurial school: Strategy formation as a visionary process Cognitive school: Strategy formation as a mental process Learning school: Strategy formation ...
  • Configuration school: 10. Configuration school: strategy formation as a process of transformation
  • Design school: the basic model A kind of a SWOT-Analysis (Internal and External Appraisal -> strength/weaknesses, threats/opportunities -> creation of strategy->evaluation and choice (social responsibility, managerial value) ...
  • Design school: Evaluation of Strategies: Four criteria: ... Consistency: The strategy must not present mutually inconsistent goals and policies Consonance: The strategy must represent an adaptive response to the external environment and to the critical changes ...
  • Design school: The concept of “fit” Have to do with statistics and not easy to specify , The concept of fit is central in distinguishing the field of strategic management E.g. Fit as Gestalts: Many variables there -> find clusters Fit ...
  • Premises of the design school: Strategy formation should be a deliberate process of conscious thought Responsibility for that control and consciousness must rest with the chief executive officer: that person is the strategist The ...
  • 2) Planning School: The key proponent of the planning school –Igor Ansoff Published Corporate Strategy in 1965 Originator of the synergy concept and, of course, the Ansoff matrix Ansoff matrix: Market: Present/New und ...
  • Premises of the planning school: Strategies result from a controlled, conscious process of formal planning, decomposed into distinct steps, each delineated by checklists and supported by techniques Responsibility of that overall ...
  • Rise and Fall of strategic planning: Mintzberg questions the strategic planning approach Honda-Effect (Pascale) Walter Kiechel – Coporate Strategies under Fire Strategic planning is well-suited to the challenge of extending leadership–adding ...
  • 3) The positioning school: A) BCGs portfolio matrix: ... Cost-based concept / Growth-Share Matrix Organizations should have not only Cash-Cows but also invest in new products Foundation of the matrix is the experience curve: It states that the more often ...
  • Question mark Earnings: low, unstable, growing Cash flow: negative Strategy: analyze to determine whether business can be grown into a star, or will degenerate into a dog
  • Stars: Earnings: high stable, growing Cash flow: neutral Strategy: invest for growth  
  • Poor Dog: Earnings: low, unstable Cash flow: neutral or negative Strategy: divest
  • Cash Cow: Earnings: high stable Cash flow: high stable Strategy: milk
  • B) Porters five forces framework: five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Innen: Rivalry among competitors ...
  • Porter's five forces: Power can be exercised over: ... Prices Quality and performance of items supplied Reliability of deliveries Forward integration
  • Porter's five forces: Competitive threat depends ...   Suppliers: Number of suppliers Strategic relevance of items Standardization of Product Switching costs Substitutes Buyers:  Number and Size of Buyers/Customers Degree of product standardization ...