Osteoarthritis- degeneration of cartilage (with structural and functional failure of synovial joints) - most common type of joint disease - oligoarticular - females: hands and knees- males: hips Morphology- bone eburnation- ...
Rheumatoid arthritis- chronic inflammatory disorder of autoimmune origin that principally attacks the joints producing synovitis - F:M = 3:1 - positive for: rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP (citrullinated peptides) antibodies ...
Juvenile idiopathic arthritisDifferences to rheumathoid arthritis:1. Oligoarthritis is more common 2. systemic disease is more frequent 3. large joints are affected more often than small joints 4. rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid ...
Seronegative SpondyloarthropathiesUnified by:- Absence of rheumatoid factor- Association with HLA-B27 - Pathologic changes in the ligamentous attachments rather than synovium- Involvement of sacroiliac joints Ankylosing Spondylitis- ...
Infective ArthritisSuppurative Arthritis- involves a single joint- most commonly the knee (< hip < shoulder, axial joints in drug users)- H. influenza arthritis < 2 year olds- S. aureus in older children/adults- Gonococcus ...
Gout- transient attacks of acute arthritis initiated by crystallization of monosodium urate with and around joints - 90% primary - 10% secondary: increased nucleuc acid turnover (leukemia), chronic renal ...
Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition Disease (CPPD, ...- sexes and race equally affected - crystals first develop in the articular cartilage, menisci, and intervertebral discs - as the deposits enlage they may rupture and seed the joint Histology- oval blue-purple ...
Osteogenesis imperfecta- deficiencies in the synthesis of type I collagen- impacts bone, joints, eyes (blue sclerae), ears (hearing loss), skin, teeth Subtype 1- compatible with survival- autosomal dominant- decreased snythesis ...
Osteopetrosis= marble bone disease, Albers-Schönberg disease - reduced bone resorption and skeletal sclerosis due to impaired function of osteoclasts- mutation in carbonic anhydrase (CA2) which prevents acidification ...
Achondroplasia- autosomal dominant- retarded cartilage growth, dwarfism - gain-of-function mutation in the FGF receptor 3 (FGF-mediated activation of FGFR3 normally inhibits endochondral growth) - shortened extremities, ...
Osteopenia- decreased bone mass 1-2.5 standard deviations below the mean
Osteoporosis- bone mass at least 2.5 standard deviations below the mean (young adults) - Age-related changes- Reduced physical activity (resistance exercises such as weight training stimulate bone remodeling)- Genetic ...
Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans)- increased, but disordered bone mass - usually begins in late adult hood (average age of diagnosis: 70 years), mostly in England, whites Three sequential phases1. Osteolytic stage2. Mixed osteoclastic-osteoblastic ...
