150
Theorie (Fach) / Modul 1.2 (Lektion)
Anzeige
- private self-consiousness tendency to introspect about inner thoughts and feelings
- public self-consciousness tendeny to focus on our outer public image
- self regulation process by which we seek to control or alter our thoughts, ffelings, hevaior and urges
- ironic mental processes trying too hard or thinking too much so that it has negative impact on results
- implicit egocentrism unconscious and subtile form of self-enhancement ex.: finding letters that are in your name most appealing
- self-handicapping actions people take to handicap their own performance in order to build an excuse for anticipated failure
- bask in reflected glory BIRG showing off connections to successful others to derive self-esteem
- downward social comparison when self-esteem is at risk, people tend tocomapre themselves with people who are worse off
- downward temporal comparison I am better than I was yesterday
- spotlight effect tendency to believe that the social spotlight shines more on oneself than on others
- Anzeige
- self-presentation process by which we try to shape what other people think of us and what we think of ourselves
- strategic self-presentation shape self-presentation in order to gain from it
- ingratiation acts that are motivated by the desire to get along with others and be liked
- self-promotion acts that are motivated by the desire to get ahead and gain respect
- self-vertification desire to have other peceive us as we really are
- self-monitoring tendency to regulate one's own behavior to meet the demands of social situations
- social perception process by which people come to understand one another
- scripts present notions about certain types of situations
- mind perception process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects
- anger superiority effect quick to spot anger
- eye contact effect people who look us straight in the eye quickly draw and hold our attention
- attribution theory group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior
- personal attributions internal characteristics
- situational attributions external factors
- availability heuristic tendency to estimate the odds that an event will occur based on how fast it pops to mind ex.: letters in words
- false-consensus effect tendency to overestimate the extent to which oter people share their opinion etc
- base-rate fallacy people are more influenced by tragic events that by numerical statistics ex.: deaths
- counterfactual thinking tendency to imagine alternative outcomes that might have occured but did not
- first instinct fallacy idea that it is best to stick with first idea ex.: examen
- fundamental attribution error tendency to make personal attributions when explaining the behavior of others
- Anzeige
- belief in a just world belief that people get what the deserve in life
- impression formation process o integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression
- summative model already have an idea abou someone -> many positive impressions -> tendency to seethings in positive light
- averaging model not sure about someone -> compare different information -> the more, the better
- information integration theory impressions formed of others are based on a combination of 1) perceiver's dispositions and 2) a weightened average of a target person's traits
- priming tendency for recently/frequently used concepts to come to mind easily and influence the way we interpret information
- trait negativity bias tendency for negative impressions to weight more heavily on our impressions
- implicit personality theory a network of assumptions people make about the realtionships among traits and behavior
- central traits traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions
- universal dimensions on social cognitions positive and negative traits can be ordered along two dimensions - social -intellectual
- primacy effect information often has greater impact when presented early in sequence
- need for closure desire te reduce cognitive uncertainty
- change of meaning hypothesis once an impression is formed, people tend to view new information in light of that impression
- confirmation biases tendency to see information in ways that verify exisiting beliefs
- belief perseverance tendenc to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited
- biased experience sampling tendency not to interact with people you have anegative impression of -> notgiving them a chance
- self-fulfilling prophecy a perceiver's expectation can actually lead to its fulfillment
- prophecies of power when the target has more power than the perceiver, there is no self-fulfilling prohecy
- satisficing way people make judgements is not perfectly logical, but good enough
- attitude an automatic reation to something