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Theorie (Fach) / Modul 1.2 (Lektion)
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- social cognition child's understanding of themselves, other people and relationships between people
- self-recognition identification of the self asa physically unique being
- categorical self classify themselves and others
- remembered self autobiographical memory
- enduring self view of themselves as persisting over time
- inner self private thoughts and imaginings
- desire theory of mind thiking that people always act in ways consistent with their desires
- belief-desire theory of mind beliefs and desires determine actions
- self-concept set of attributes, abilities, attitudes and values that an individual beliefs defines who he or she is
- generalized other blend of whta we image important people in our life think of us
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- self-esteem the judgements we make about our own worth and the feelings we associate with those judgements
- attributions our explanations for the causes of behavior
- achievement motivation tendency to persist at challenging tasks
- mastery-oriented attributions crediting succes to ability
- incremental view of ability belief that succes can increase through effort
- learned helplessness attrivute failures te ability and succes to external factors (luck)
- entity view of ability belief that succes cannot be improved by making more effort
- attribution retraining intervention that encourages learned-helpless children to believe that they can overcome failure by trying harder
- identity major personality achievement and crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult
- social problem solving generating and applying strategies that prevent or resolve disagreements, resulting in outcomes that are both acceptable to others and to the self
- internalization adopting societal standards forright actions as one's norm
- induction an adult helps the child notice other's feelings by pointing out the effect's of the child's misbehavior on others, noting especially their distress and making clear that the child caused it
- construction actively attending to and interrelating multiple perspectives on situations in which social conflicts arise and thereby attaining new moral understadings
- ideal reciprocity Golden rule do unto others as you would have them to do unto you
- moral self-relevance the degree to which morality is central to the self-concept
- moral imperatives domain approach to moral understading - two types
- social conventions ex.: table manners
- matters of personal choice ex.: choice of friends -do not violate rights, are up to individual
- compliance clear awareness of caregiver's wishes and expectations, ability to obey simple requests and commands
- delay of gratifications waiting for an appropiate time and place to engage in a tempting act -ex.: Überraschungsei
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- moral self-regulation ability to monitor one's own conduct, constantly adjusting it as circumstances present opportnunites to violate inner standards
- proactive aggression act to fulfill need or desire unemotionally attack a person to achieve their goal
- reactive aggression angry, defensive response to a provocation or a blocked goal meant to hurt others
- self-concept sum total of an individual's beliefs about his/her personal attributions
- self-schemas beliefs about oneself that guide the processing of self-relevant information
- introspection looking inward at one's own thpughts and feelings
- affective forecasting process of predicting how one would feel in response to future
- impact bias people overestimate the strenght and duration of their own feelings ex.: election favorite candidate
- self-perception theory people can learn about themselves by watching own behavior
- facial feedback hypothesis changes in facial expression can trigger changes in experience of emotion
- intrinsic motivation factors within a person -> do it for youself
- extrinsic motivation outside the person ex.: money, grades
- overjustification effect if you dosomething for youself (instinsic motivation) but you eventually get an reward/payment for it, you will stop enjoying it
- social comparison theory evaluating self by observing others and comparing with them
- two factor theory of emotion experience of emotion is based on two factor: physical arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal
- autobiographical memories memories of events that touched you life
- dialecticism Eastern system -> acceptance of coexistence of contradictory factors within a person
- self-esteem affective component of the self, constisting of a person's positive and negative self-evaluations
- Terror-Management Theory humans know that they will eventually die -> cope with that fear -> accept cultutal world as buffer against anxiety -> self-esteem = protective shield
- self-awareness theory self-focusedattention leads people to notice self-discrepancies -> motivates escape from self-awareness or change in behavior