English (Fach) / Verb Tense (Lektion)

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• You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Future Perfect Continuous [will have been + -ing form] the duration of an action stops at or before a particular time in the future
• James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia Future Perfect Continuous [will have been + -ing form] the duration of an action stops at or before a particular time in the future
• When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year? Future Perfect Continuous [will have been + -ing form] the duration of an action stops at or before a particular time in the future
• You have been waiting here for two hours. Present Perfect Continuous Duration from the Past Until Now [has/have + been + present participle]  
• Have you been smoking? Present Perfect Continuous the question can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person [has/have + been + present participle] Duration from the past until now      
• Recently, I have been feeling really tired Present Perfect Continuous [has/have + been + present participle] Duration from the past until now You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning
• Warum hast du ihm nichts gesagt? Why didn't you tell him? Past Simple  
• When I got home, John had already cleand the house and cooked a meal Past perfect simple had + verb + ed ...is used to express an action in the past which happened before another action in the past
• Wie lange habt ihr im Zelt gesessen bevor ihr euch entschlossen habt abzureisen?   How long had you been sitting in the tent before you decided to leave?Past perfect continuoushad been + ing form  
• Die Handlung begann vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit und dauert bis zu diesem (oder darüber hinaus) an - Betonung des Verlauf, der Dauer dieser Handlung Past Perfect continuous We had been walking for ten minutes when it began to rain Duration Before Something in the Past      
• Was hast du gerade gemacht? die Handlung bzw. die Dauer der Handlung wird betont (nicht das Ergebnis) What have you been doing? Present Perfect Continuous
• Mit dem ... beschreibt man eine zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft noch andauernde Handlung Future Perfect Continuous will+have been+ -ing form By October they will have been working on this motorway for two years
• Was hast du gerade getan als du den Unfall hörtest? Past Continuous What were you doing when you heard the chrash?  
• Use the xxx to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted Past continuous [was/were + present participle] While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off
• Past Continuous vs Simple Past use of specific time In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. (I started eating at 6 PM) Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. (I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner)
• regelmäßig oder gewohnheitsmäßig ablaufende Handlungen (immer, nie, selten, oft) Present simple Colin always plays soccer on Tuesdays  
• aufeinander folgende Handlungen Present simple She takes her bag and leaves    
• etwas ist immer gültig Present simple The sun sets in the west .
• feste Vereinbarung für die nahe Zukunft Present continuous with a future meaning I am going to the cinema tonight. What are you doing on Saturday evening?    
• die Handlung findet nur vorübergehend (über einen recht kurzen Zeitraum) statt Jenny is working in a restaurant this week Present continuous  
• Handlungen, die jetzt gerade geschehen (jedoch nicht unbedingt im Moment des Sprechens) My friend is preparing for his exams Present continuous  
• we use xxx when we talk about timetables, programms etc (for pupblic transport, cinemas) present simple wtih future meaning My train leaves at 11:30 What time does the film begin this evening?  
• You can use xxx to talk about people if their plans are fixed like a timetable. present simple with future meaning I start my new job on monday What time do you finish work tomorrow? present continuous is more usual for personal arrangements: What time are you meeting Ann tomorrow?  
• Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect [had been + present participle] had not been attending  
• Interrupted Action in the Past Use the xxx to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time. Past Continuous [was/were + present participle] I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
• Specific Time as an Interruption Use the xxx to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted at a specific time   Past Continuous [was/were + present participle] At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
• Parallel Actions When you use the xxx with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. xx Past Continuous [was/were + present participle] Were you listening while he was talking?  
• Handlung vor einem Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit betont nur die Tatsache, dass etwas vor einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattfand past perfect simple Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack. [had + past participle]
• The xxx expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before Past perfect simple [had + past participle]
• Das Ergebnis wird betont Present Perfect simple She has written five letters  
• bis in Gegenwart dauernde Handlung die Schule hat noch nicht begonnen Present perfect simple school hasn't started yet  
• eben abgeschlossene Handlung Sie hat das Abendessen gekocht Present perfect simple She has cooked dinner  
• abgeschlossene Handlung mit Einfluss auf die Gegenwart Ich habe meinen Schlüssel verloren Present perfect simple I have lost my key  
• bis zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens nie, 1× oder mehrmals stattgefundene Handlung Ich bin noch nie in Australien gewesen Present perfect simple I have never been to Australia  
• Passive - simple present In unserem Büro wird englisch gesprochen English is spoken at our office. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.  
• Passive - present progressive Die Firma wird gerade restrukturiert The company is being restructured. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - simple past I wurde nicht über das Meeting informiert I wasn't informed about the meeting. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - Past Continuous Sie hatten das Gefühl sie werden irregeführt They had the feeling they were being misled. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - present perfect Ich wurde wieder in der Warteschleife gehalten I've been put on hold again. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb  
• Passive - past perfect Wir wurden davor schon betrogen, daher waren wir vorsichtig We had been cheated before, so we were careful. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - will-future Ich werde nächstes Jahr nach Hong Kong versetzt I'll be transferred to Hong Kong next year. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - going to-future Ich befürchte wir werden verklagt werden I'm afraid we're going to be sued. the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.
• Passive - future perfect Das Projekt wird bis spätestens Freitag abgeschlossen sein The project will have been completed by Friday.   the passive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle of the main verb.   the past participle indicates that the action is complete
• talking about recent trends and developments at work Die Anzahl an Arbeitnehmern die von Zuhause aus arbeiten wollen ist gestiegen present perfect continuos (have/has been + -ing) is used when speaking about developments that are still happening and are relevant to the present ....the number of employees wanting either felxible working hours or wishing to work from home has been going up
• Er wartete schon zwanzig Minuten, ehe sie ankam. He had been waiting (for) twenty minutes before she arrived. Bildung: had been und das Verb in der ing-Form. sígnal words: for, since, the whole day, all day
• Handlung, die unter anderen Voraussetzungen in der Gegenwart/Zukunft stattfinden würde Wenn ich Zeit hätte würde ich dir helfen If I had time, I would help you. Bildung: mit dem Hilfsverb would und das Verb in der Grundform.
• eine Handlung, die unter anderen Voraussetzungen in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden hätte wird ausgedrückt durch.. Handlungen, die nicht mehr eintreten können (im Hauptsatz der if-Sätze – Typ III) Wenn ich am Nachmittag Zeit gehabt hätte, hätte ich dir geholfen den Kuchen zu backen Conditional II  If I had had time in the afternoon, I would have helped you bake the cake. BildungWir brauchen die Hilfsverben would + have in der Grundform und das Past Participle des Verbs.
• Handlung vor einem Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit (betont nur die Tatsache, dass etwas vor einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattfand) Ich hatte gefrühstückt als eine Spinne mir einen Schrecken einjagte I had eaten my breakfast, when a spider frightened me. Past Perfect Simple This is the past perfect form with the verb eat. This uses the past participle ( 3rd form) of the verb. Now, just substitute the verb eat with have. or I had had my breakfast  BildungWir brauchen die Vergangenheitsform des Hilfsverbs have (had) und das Past Participle des Verbs.
• die 3 Grundtypen von if-Sätzen Type I Bedingung erfüllbarSimple Present // will-future oder (modales Hilfsverb + Infinitiv)If I study, I will pass the exam. Type II Bedingung theoretisch erfüllbarSimple Past // would + InfinitivIf I studied, I would pass the exam. Type III Bedingung nicht mehr erfüllbar (Es ist zu spät.)Past Perfect // would + have + past participleIf I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
• if-Sätze, Typ I Bedingung erfüllbar (als Aufforderung) Bildung Falls du John heute Abend siehst, sage ihm, dass er mir eine e-mail schreibt. if Satz / HauptsatzSimple Present /Infinitiv (als Aufforderung) If you see John tonight, tell him to e-mail me.

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