Anästhesie (Fach) / Anatomie (Lektion)

In dieser Lektion befinden sich 67 Karteikarten

FMH

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  • N. laryngeus recurrens/ N. laryngeus superior N. laryngeus superior versorgt alle Muskeln des Larynx ausser M. cricothyroideus (versorgt vom oberen Kehlkopfsnerv) Sensibel unterhalb der Stimmbänder einseitige Lähmung: Heiserkeit, bds. Atemnot The ...
  • Sympathikus Th1-L2/3 Präganglionär: Nucleus intermediolateral - anteriore Nervenwurzel- als Ramus griseus Verschaltung auf 3 Ganglientypen:                           1. Sympathischer Grenzstrang. Verbindung ...
  • PArasympathikus Mittelhirn, Medulla oblongata, sakrale Segmente Hirnnerven: III (occulomotorius) - Edinger Westphal- Ganglion ciliare VII (facialis)- N. salivatorius sup. - Ganglion geniculi- Umschaltung im Ganglion ...
  • Bronchialbaum   The divisions of the bronchial tree are bronchus, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli. The left lung has two lobar bronchi and they both have five divisions. ...
  • Würgereflex The glossopharyngeal nerve forms the afferent (sensory) limb and the vagus nerve the efferent (motor).
  • Diaphragma Openings: levels:   T8 (venous content, inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve) 10 (oesophageal contents, gastric vessels)  12 (arterial contents: aorta, v. azygos) The diaphragm has three arcuate ...
  • Liquor  pH of 7.31 im Vgl zum Plasma: geringere Konzentration an Kalium, Calcium, Proteinen, Bicarbonat etwa 2/3 der Glucose Konzentration (3.3-4 mmol/l) leicht höhere Konzentration an Natrium (135-145), ...
  • Hand: Sensible Versorgung   Der Nervus ulnaris versorgt die Haut der ulnaren Finger palmar (1 1/2 Finger) und dorsal (2 1/2 Finger) Die Haut der radialen Finger wird vom Nervus medianus und vom Nervus radialis innerviert: ...
  • Hand, motorische Innervation Die Muskeln der Hohlhand werden nur vom Nervus medianus und vom Nervus ulnaris innerviert. Der Nervus ulnaris ist für die mehr ulnaren Muskeln zuständig. Er versorgt alle Muskeln des Hypothenars ...
  • Kapaltunnelsyndrom Phalen's test (pushing both hands up into a prayer sign to elicit paraesthesia in the median nerve) and Tinnel's test (tapping the flexor retinaculum to elicit paraesthesia in the median nerve) are both ...
  • Calcitonin senkt Calcium im Blut
  • Parathormon erhöht Calcium im Blut
  • Immunglobuline IgG, IgD, IgE: Monomer IgM Pentamer IgA Dimer Immunoglobulin M (IgM) constitutes the natural haemagglutinins (anti-A and anti-B > BG-AB) IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin in normal bronchial secretions ...
  • adrenalin   Abbau - Catechol-O-Methyltransferase(COMT) > Metanephrin    - Monoaminooxidase (MAO): Metanephrin > Vanillinmandelsäure und 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglykol (MOPEG) > Urin  The concentration ...
  • Nervus trigeminus The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve providing sensory supply to the face and motor supply to the muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor palati. It has ophthalmic ...
  • Nervus facialis After exiting the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve is entirely motor. It gives off the posterior auricular nerve and branches to the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid before entering the ...
  • T-Zellen T cells have characteristic surface glycoproteins and their own form of receptors. Helper T cells recognise foreign antigens in association with HLA class II antigens on presenting cells. Survival of ...
  • Pharynx The pharynx is a midline structure that extends from the skull base to the level of C6. It consists of three paired muscles (superior, middle and inferior constrictors) and three unpaired muscles (stylopharyngeus, ...
  • Handgelenk, volar   The usual relationship between the nerves, arteries and tendons (radial side to ulnar side) at the volar aspect of the wrist is as follows: Radial artery Flexor carpi radialis Median nerve Palmaris ...
  • Larynx The larynx extends from C3 to C6. It contains six paired (arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform) and three unpaired (epiglottis, thyroid and the cricoid) cartilages. The cricoid cartilage is a signet ...
  • Zunge, Nervale Innervation   Somatische Afferenz: vordere 2/3 der Zunge: Trigeminus (N. lingualis aus N. mandibularis). Geschmack: vordere 2/3 der Zunge: Chorda tympani, N. facialis Somatische und Geschmacks-Afferenz: hinteres ...
  • Plexus brachialis Rami ventralis C5 to T1 (C4 and T2) Nervenaustritte zwischen M. scalenus anterius und scalenus medius. Formung von 3 Trunci: Truncus superior, medius und inferior Aufteilung der Trunci in vorderen und ...
  • Tractus spinothalamicus (sensibles anterolaterales ... Sensorische Nerven- Synapse im Hinterhorn spinalwurzel- Kreuzung spinal - Tractus spinothalamicus- thalamus und Formatio reticularis Tractus spinothalamicus anterior: Berührungsempfinden, viscerosensibel ...
  • Hinterstrangbahn epikritische Sensibilität (Tastschärfe, Zwei-Punkte-Diskrimination) und Informationen der Tiefensensibilität (Gelenkstellung, Propriozeption, Vibration) jeweils der gleichen Körperseite keine ...
  • Koronarien Die linke Koronararterie (LCA) entspringt dem hinteren Aortensegel, teilt sich nach etwa 1 cm in den Ramus circumflexus (RCX) und den Ramus interventricularis anterior (RIVA, engl.: left anterior ...
  • Leistenkanal Inhalt Leistenkanal Männer:  ilioinguinal nerve and spermatic cord ( pampiniform plexus, cremasteric artery, vas deferens, sympathetic plexus and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve). Frauen: ...
  • Gallensäuren Bile is an alkaline, hypotonic electrolyte solution composed of bile pigments and salts.   Approximately 300-500 mg (ml) of bile acids are synthesised per day from cholesterol by the liver. They are ...
  • Gefässversorgung Lunge The bronchial arteries are branches of the descending aorta (not pulmonary arteries) and supply the bronchi, the lung connective tissue and the visceral pleura. The bronchial veins communicate with the ...
  • Rückenmark und Spinalwurzeln There are 31 pairs of spinal roots from the spinal cord: Eight cervical Twelve thoracic Five lumbar Five sacral and One coccygeal. The spinal cord is supplied by two posterior and one anterior spinal ...
  • Craniale Austrittspunkte von Nerven und Gefässen   Fissura orbitalis superior  Nervus oculomotorius (III. Hirnnerv) Nervus trochlearis (IV. Hirnnerv) Nervus abducens (VI. Hirnnerv) Vena ophthalmica superior Nervus ophthalmicus (V1, erster ...
  • Nervus fibularis communis ist einer der beiden Hauptäste des Nervus ischiadicus. Der andere Ast ist der Nervus tibialis. Der N. fibularis communis zieht seitlich des Knies, am Wadenbeinkopf vorbei    > Fussheberschwäche ...
  • Fetale Circulation The fetal circulation is specially adapted preferentially to supply the brain and coronary blood vessels with blood with the highest possible oxygen concentration. Which of the following is the single ...
  • Rippe I   The lower trunk of the brachial plexus lies on the upper surface. The scalene tubercle provides the insertion for the tendon of scalenus anterior. The stellate ganglion does lie anterior to the neck ...
  • Pädiatrischer Atemweg The tongue is large during the neonatal period, reaching normal proportions by the age of 1 year. The vocal cords lie opposite C4 and only reach the adult position opposite C5/6 by the age of 4 years. ...
  • Nervus femoralis The femoral sheath contains the femoral artery and vein as well as lymphatics, but not the nerve. The femoral nerve lies behind and lateral to the sheath. The femoral nerve gives off three cutaneous branches: ...
  • N. accessorius Damage to the spinal accessory nerve will cause an inability to shrug the shoulder on the affected side and rotate the head to the side against resistance. This is due to the weakness of the trapezius ...
  • N. hypoglossus (XII)   Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes wasting of the tongue and inability to move from side to side.  
  • N. glossopharyngeus   The glossopharyngeal nerve provides motor supply to the stylopharyngeus („Griffel-Rachen-Muskel“). It also carries sensory fibres of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and carotid sinus, ...
  • N. vagus The vagus nerve provides motor supply to larynx, pharynx and palate; parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lung and gut, sensory fibres from the epiglottis and valleculae.
  • oxygen consumption (VO2) resting oxygen consumption (VO2): 3.5 ml/kg/minute (one metabolic equivalent or 1 MET).  in young children: approximately 7 ml/kg/min at birth. The metabolic cost of respiration is higher than in adults ...
  • N. phrenicus   The phrenic nerve originates from the anterior primary rami of C3-5 on each side and supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm. It also coveys sensory fibres from the diaphragm, pleura and pericardium ...
  • Kapilaren Capillaries link the arterioles and venules and are involved in the delivery of blood to the cells themselves. Therefore capillaries permit the leakage of plasma through fenestrations. The ability of ...
  • Halsdreieck, hinteres The posterior cervical triangle is bounded: Anteriorly by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle Posteriorly by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle Inferiorly by the middle third ...
  • Ösophagus The oesophagus is composed of striated muscle (upper) and smooth muscle (lower) with a mixture of the two in the middle. Thus striated muscle does end at the junction of the upper and middle third. Stratified ...
  • Chromosomen There are 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Due to meiosis, only 23 chromosomes are found in the germinal cell. Females have two X chromosomes but only one is activated ...
  • Neugeborene Haemoglobin concentration At birth: 18 g/dl By the age of 3 months: 10 g/dl  by one year: 12 g/dl basal oxygen consumption of a neonate is 7-8 ml/kg per minute  2-3 times that of an adult  surface ...
  • N. axillaris Typische Schädigung bei Arm-Abduktion über 90° während OP Motor effects: Inability to abduct arm (deltoid) and chronic wasting Weak lateral rotation of arm (teres minor). Sensory effect: Loss ...
  • Wirbelsäule Cervical disc herniations are less common and the discs most affected are those between the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh vertebrae. Each spinal root emerges above the corresponding vertebrae; ...
  • Urin   Urine is coloured yellow by the pigments urochrome and uroerythrin, but it darkens on standing due to the oxidation of urobilinogen to urobilin. Abnormal constituents of urine include Glucose Ketones ...
  • Trachea, Lunge, Pleura Sympathetic fibres from T2 - T4 and parasympathetic fibres from the vagus, form a posterior pulmonary plexus at the root of the lung. Fibres then pass around the root of the lung to form the anterior ...