Pathophysiologie (Fach) / asthma (Lektion)

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asthma

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  • What is asthma chronic inflammatory disease of the airways
  • Symptomes of asthma   wheezing narrow airwways coughing mucous (Schleim) chest tightness narrow airways shortness of breath chest pain O2 decr.  increase heart frequency  
  • Why is asthma a chronical disease? result of chronic inflammatory disease of  the airways -> hypersensitivity
  • Diagnostics of asthma only made on the pattern of symptomes      Airflow in Airways by peakflow or spirometer spirometry  Lung volume (Lungfunction Test LFT)
  • How to differentiate asthma and COPD Lung function test and bronchial challenge test /reversibility test  
  • Quick-relief medications beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists -> Salbutamol  2-4 h  
  • long term control medications long acting beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists = LABA 12 h effect e.g. Acetylcholin, Salmeterol, Formoterol   alternatives to corticoids:   Leukotriene antagonists mast cell stabilizers  
  • allergic asthma: triggered by antibodies IgE and IgG IgE interacts with allergens release of: Histamine, Bradykinin, Leucotriene
  • non allergic asthama intrinsic asthma caused by infection  
  • atopic asthma caused by exposure of the bronchial mucosa to an inhale airborne antigen eingeatmetes Allergen
  • non atopic asthma inflammation of airways that is NOT caused by sposure to an allergen  
  • atopic syndrom genetic predispositon toward developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions.   genetische Veranlagung ...
  • atopic march development of food allergy <3 years       decrease... development of asthma 4-9 years decrease... development of Rhinitis (chron. disease of mucosa) 5-10 years
  • Tests Prick Test: allergen extract on surface   Blood testing: measuring of Antibodies (IgE) RAST = radioallergosorbent test  
  • Hyposensitization patient is vaccinated to the allergen with increasing doses IgG is built and neutralizes the allergens so that no Histamin is exposed by IgE  

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