Study of english (Fach) / Morphology (Lektion)
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Morphology
Diese Lektion wurde von Tarik erstellt.
- What is a morphology? Morphology is the study of the shape and internal structure of words Analysing of words into meaningful units
- What is a word -An abstract sign that is the smallest grammatically independent unit of language -minimal independent unit of an utterance
- Lexeme vs. word Form Lexeme - fundamental unit of the lexicon of hte language - dictionary entrey -cover term for various grammatical shapes such a dictionary entry can take Word form: -representation of lexeme -grammatical form of a lexeme e.g. university (lexeme) -> university`s; universities (word forms) establish (lexeme -> establishes/ stablishing (word forms)
- What is a morpheme? A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in language e.g. dreamless -> dream (morpheme) +less (morpheme, without meaning)
- You can devide morphemes into 2 groups? Polymorphemic/complex words - consists of several morphemes Monomophemic /simlex words -consists of onl one morpheme e.g. dreamless (poly)- dream (mono)
- Types of morphemes - Autonomy - Function/ Meaning - Position
- Autonomy 2 types of morphemes: Free morphemes: Can appear on theri own (mother, settle) Bound morphemes: only in combination (settlement,motherhood)
- Function/ Meaning 2 types of morphemes Lexical Morphemes: Content words Relation btw. the world and the word Grammatical Morphemes: function words relation with other parts of the sentence
- - nouns, open classes, preposition, pronouns, artiles, new items can be added, spontenous neologisms are impossible,verb, conjunctions, adj., close classes, new lexemes can be created Which of them are Lexical- and Grammatical Morpheme? Lexical: nouns, verb, adj., open calsses, new itmes an be added, new lexemes can be created Grammatical closed classes, prepositon, articles, conjunctions, pronouns, spontneous neologisms are impossible
- Position Bound morpheme that is attached to a root or a base is called Affix According to their positions we can distinguish between Prefixes and Suffixes
- Position (Derivational vs. Inflectional bound Morphemes) Derivational Morphemes: are sused to make new words or to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem e.g. adj.+(-ness)-> noun goodness Inflectional Morphemes used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word singular/plural, past tense or not; comparative or possessive form 8 inflectional morphemes: Plural form, possessive form, past tense, 3rd person singular, progressive form of verbs, comparative form of adjectives, superlative form, past participle form
- Special cases (inflectional morphemes) Clitics:- a word like unit that is phonologically dependent on other word but has grammatical independence 'm - I'm; 're- you're; 'll- they'l; 've- I've Unique/cranberry Morphemes- can distinguis one word form the other Cranberry, boysenberry, huckleberry
- Morph is a minimal meaningful elemt of an utterance
- Allomorph are morphs which have been classified as representations of a specific morpheme
- Types of conditioning Phonological morphological lexical
- Types of conditioning Phonological morphological lexical
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- Phonological Conditioning the shape of the allomorph depends on neighbouring sounds indefinite articles: -a -(e) before consonant, (en) before vowels,( ei)- if stressed plural s s- after voiceless z. after voiced ez after silibants
- Morphologicallly conditioned the shape of the allomorph depeds on the morheme wich preceds of follow they differ from each other both in quality of the vowels and in theri stress pattern
- Lexically Conditioned the shape of the allomorph depends on the worda sa whole sheep- sheep ox- oxen child- children tooth- teeth mouse- mice cactus- cactuses (englisch irregular plurals)
- are always suffixes in english can be suffixes- prefixes can have different meanings in different words have constantly the same function in every word they attached attach to every word of a given class Attach to certain wors of a given class Inflextional: are always suffixes in enlish, have constantly the same function, attach to every word of a given class, never change the word class of the base, affixes that convey grammatical information Derivational: the rest..