Botanik (Fach) / Morphology (Lektion)
In dieser Lektion befinden sich 73 Karteikarten
Morphologie = Lehre von der Struktur und Form der Organismen
Diese Lektion wurde von lina2407 erstellt.
- Root metamorphosis: Aerial root -among others in epiphytes (plants growing on other plants) -there is a partly transformation of the rhizodermis into a multi-layered water-storing sponge tissue e.g. Orchideen
- Root metamorphosis: Strangler roots -aerial roots that grow to the soil, densely surround a host tree and can kill the host (mostly some tropical figs)
- Life forms -the shoot and root organs can develop in a variety of ways -this is taken into account, for example, in the classification of life forms, which is based on the shape of the stem axis and, in particular, ...
- Leaf morphology -leaves are derived from the apical meristem and start as small bulges, the primordia -the lamina is the flattened part to absorb light -it is held at a distance from the branch by the petiole through ...
- Leaf morphology (1) -in compound leaves, the lamina is composed of individual leaflets -if they are pinnate, the leaflets sit along a rachis (which morphologically is the midrib) -in palmate leaves, the leflets originate ...
- Leaf morphology: parts of leaves -the parts of leaves are very variable -can also be missing -for instance, sessile leaves have no petiole and the lamina sits directly on the shoot -in some plant families, e.g. grass family and apiaceae ...
- Leaf arrangement Arrangement on the leaves on the shoot is not random, but also follows genetically fixed rules -alternating leaf arrangement: only one leaf per node, the leaf on the next node exposed in different direction ...
- Leaf arrangement: whorled leaf arrangement -three or more leaves per node
- The length of internodes, petioles and leaf arrangement ... -often, self shading is avoided -in case of a rosette (extremely shortened internodes) the self-shading is high, but lowest if the angle to the leaf on the next node is 137,5 degree (golden angle)
- The arrangement of alternating leaves follows rules, ... -pinus sp. (pine) -Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower): 34 and 55 spirals -Brassica aleracea convar: 13 and 21 spirals
- Leaf succession (Abfolge) Plants have a typical sequence of leaves -from the first leaves emerging from the seed, the cotyledons -to the leaves of a flower, which terminates the growth of a shoot
- Leaf succession: bracts (Deckblätter) ->more or less different from foliage leaves (Laubblätter), sometimes to support attraction of flowers e.g. Rhinanthus, Euporbia pulcherrima
- Leaf succession: Flowers -special developments of the plant stem with specialized leaves for sexual reproduction -flower formation ends shoot growth (no apical meristem is left) parts: carpel, stamen, petals, sepals
- Leaf succession: Buds -buds are shoots where the meristem is protected by leaves -these are often specialized: bud scales
- Leaf anatomy -most leaves are foliage leaves (Laubblätter) for photosynthesis -leaves are composed of dermal tissue (epidermis), vascular tissue (the veins) and ground tissue (the mesophyll) Mesophyll: -composed ...
- Leaf anatomy: hypostomatic ->stomata on the lower side bifacial/dorsiventral e.g. Schneerose
- Leaf anatomy: epistomatic inverse bifacial / dorsiventral ->palisade parenchyma and stomata on the upper side, spongy parenchyma on the lower side e.g. Seelilie
- Leaf anatomy: equifacial ->palisade- or spongy parenchyma and stomata on all sides e.g. Mistel
- Leaf anatomy: unifacial ->the morphological upper surface of the leaf is missing, while the lover surface extends over the entire leaf - with palisade parenchyma and stomata e.g. Schnittlauch
- Leaf anatomy: venation -ferns and gymnosperms: veins seperate (often dichotomous) but do not merge -Angiosperms: veins diverge and merge ->Dicots mostly reticulate ->Monocots mostly parallell
- Anatomy -the vascular bundles in leaves continue through the petiole into the shoot, where they merge with the bundles in the shoot -when the leaves drop, they leave a distinct scar showing the disconnected bundles ...
- Leaves: Gas exchange -Change in turgor through active import of K+ (together with anions) -Change in shape defined by orientation of cellulose fibrils and cell wall thickness ->osmotic uptake of water ->increase in turgor ...
- Leaves: Gas exchange -Change in turgor through active import of K+ (together with anions) -Change in shape defined by orientation of cellulose fibrils and cell wall thickness ->osmotic uptake of water ->increase in turgor ...