Model Based Policy Analysis (Fach) / 9. SDGs (Lektion)
In dieser Lektion befinden sich 6 Karteikarten
sustainable development goals
Diese Lektion wurde von Moadscha erstellt.
- How would you identify and model synergies and tradeoffs between SDGs? (own compilation) Policies are linked via inputs, outputs and (opportunity) costs. 1. CGE model: whole world, all sectors 2. Identify inputs of single SDGs (subtargets), e.g. land use and outputs, e.g. crops and costs, e.g. prices for land, labor etc. 3. Find out how inputs are interlinked? Which SDGs need the same inputs? 3. Identify policy instruments: taxes, quotas, (government spending --> share of budget for certain instruments) 4. Focus on certain instruments and implement them into the model (as a policy shock) 5. Run different scenarios. Example: Goal 2 (zero hunger) and goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) both need land as an inpufactor Conflict: Food vs. fuel Land supply as an key module of the CGE Policy instrument: Biofuel quota Research question: How does the implementation of a biofuel quota change the allocation of land?
- How are we able to meet future food demand? 1. Reduce food loss and waste 2. Changing diets 3. Increase production a) Expansion of agricultural land b) Intensification of agricultural production
- What are the SDGs? SDG= sustainable development goals united nations conference on sustainability in Rio 2012 NOT legally binding 17 SDGs with subtargets Indicators and measures of interaction: - for each SDG and its sub targets exist various indicators - e.g. zero hunger: prevalence of undernourishment - e.g. life on land: red list index - tool 1,5°C measures the interactions between SDGs - by evaluating the different tools, the time horizon of the interactions need to be discussed
- Which SDGs are especially important concerning agr, climate, energy policies? 2: Zero hunger 7: Affordable and clean energy 13: Climate action 15: Life on land
- What is DART-Bio? The model version DART-BIO has been developed especially for analyzing global land use change and biofuel policies. The version depicts the special features of a disaggregated agricultural sector. Primary agricultural goods are produced with capital, labor, intermediate inputs, and land.
- What is DART? DART= Dynamic Applied Regional Trade Model DART is a multi-regional, multi-sectoral recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the world economy. It was designed to analyse long-term future trends resulting from international climate, energy, agricultural and land-use policies with regard to the relevant interactions and feedback effects between different sectors of an economy. In DART the world is divided into different regions. Each region´s specific economic structure and trade patterns are characterized by a system of simultaneous non-linear equations. These simulate the behaviour of economic agents (consumers and producers) based on microeconomic theory, and depict both resource constraints and macroeconomic closure rules. The model’s parameters are calibrated to the up-to-date data of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), which include bilateral trade, production technologies and output in different sectors as well as trade data on products and commodities. Running the model delivers a set of variables at which all products are purchased and all revenues are spent or invested – this state is called a general equilibrium. When simulating policy shocks, the model solves for equilibrium at all product and factor markets to arrive at the new equilibrium quantities and prices. DART is recursive dynamic, meaning that the evolution of the regional economies over time is described by a sequence of single-period static equilibria