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Psychologie (Fach) / KogEmo2Chapter 3 (Lektion)
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- what are the two human systems for recognizing patterns? feature analysis system:specializes in recognizing parts of objects and in assembling those parts into distinctive wholes configurational system:specializes in recognizing larger configurations, not analyzing parts of objects or the construction of the objects.
- How can the two different pattern recognition systems be used for face recognition? The second system is most relevant to recognizing faces. When you spot a friend whom you see on a daily basis, you recognize him or her using the configurational system. The feature analysis system can also be used in face recognition. Suppose you see someone whose face looks vaguely familiar, but you are not sure who it is. You start analyzing features and then realize it is a friend you have not seen for 10 years. In this case, you were able to make the facial recognition only after you analyzed the face by its features. In the end, both configurational and feature analysis may help in making dif- ficult recognitions and discriminations.
- Where in the brain occurs face recognition? In dem Fusiform gyrus des Temporallapen
- When does Perceptual constancy occur? when our perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes
- What is size constancy? the perception that an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus.
- shape constancy the perception that an object maintains the same shape despite changes in the shape of the proximal stimulus
- What is depth? the distance from a surface, usually using your own body as a reference surface when speaking in terms of depth perception. This use of depth information extends beyond the range of your body’s reach
- Monocular depth cues an be represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye. They include texture gradients, relative size, interposition, linear perspective, aerial perspective, location in the picture plane, and motion parallax.
- binocular depth cues based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes use the relative positioning of your eyes
- What is binocular disparity/convergence? In binocular disparity, your two eyes send increasingly disparate (differing) images to your brain as objects approach you. Your brain interprets the degree of disparity as an indication of distance from you n binocular convergence, your two eyes increasingly turn inward as objects approach you. Your brain interprets these muscular movements as indications of distance from you.
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- The brain contains neurons that specialize in the perception of depth. What are they called, what are they doing, and where in the brain are they located? are referred to as binocular neurons. The neurons integrate incoming information from both eyes to form information about depth. The binocular neurons are found in the visual cortex
- What is the deal with agnosia lol People who suffer from an agnosia have trouble perceiving sensory information, caused by damage to the border of the temporal and occipital lobes They can perceive the colors and shapes of objects and persons, but they cannot recog- nize what the objects are. They have trouble with the what pathway.
- simultagnosia? Whats that?! In simultagnosia, an individual is unable to pay attention to more than one object at a time.
- Prosopagnosia is what? And damage to what brain area is linked to it? results in a severely impaired ability to recognize human faces The functioning of the right-hemisphere fusiform gyrus is strongly implicated in prosopagnosia. In particular, the disorder is associated with damage to the right temporal lobe of the brain.
- What is optic ataxia? damage to the how pathway, People with this deficit have trouble reaching for things.
- Where does ataxia result? from a processing failure in the posterior parietal cortex, where sensorimotor information is processed
- Facts about color perception deficits much more common in men than in women, and they are genetically linked. However, they can result from lesions to the ventromedial occipital and temporal lobes.
- rod monochromacy, also called achromacy. is what? People with this condition have no color vision at all. It is the only true form of pure color blind- ness. In this condition the cones are nonfunctional. They see only shades of gray as a function of their vision through the rods of the eye.
- In dichromacy, only two of the mechanisms for color perception work, and one is malfunctioning. what are they results? The result of this malfunc- tion is one of three types of color blindness (color-perception deficits). The most common is red-green color blindness. People with this form of color-blindness have difficulty in distinguishing red from green although they may be able to distinguish, for example, dark red from light green (Visual disabilities: Color-blindness, 2004). The extreme form of red-green color blindness is called protanopia. The other types of color blindness are deuteranopia (trouble seeing greens with symptoms similar to protanopia) and tritanopia (confusion of blues and greens, and yellows that disap- pear or appear as light shades of reds)