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Business Communcation Skills (Fach) / Review SS2018 (Lektion)
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- to account for etwas begründen, erklären
- to allow for etwas berücksichtigen, beachten
- to apply for sich bewerben, etwas beantragen
- to approve of etwas zustimmen, billigen
- to base on to base oneself on auf etwas basierensich auf etwas stützen
- to believe in an etwas glauben
- to belong to zu etwas gehören
- to benefit from von etwas profitieren, sich etwas zunutze machen
- to budget for etwas (im Budget) einplanen
- to cater for jemanden verpflegen, für jemanden sorgen
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- to comment on etwas kommentieren, sich zu etwas äußern
- to compete with mit jemandem konkurrieren, sich mit jemandem messen
- to concentrate on sich auf etwas konzentrieren
- to consist of aus etwas bestehen, aus etwas zusammengesetzt sein
- Passive Voice: what and why? focus on action, subject not/less important we don't know who did the actionor general truth/opinion used in Business and Scientific Reports
- Present Simple + Passive Voice: write a report I write a report.A report is written by me.
- Present Continuous + Passive Voice: (we) hold a meeting We're holding a meeting.A meeting is being held by us.
- Past Simple + Passive Voice: (I) pay the bill I paid the bill.The bill was paid by me.
- Present Perfect + Passive Voice: (our boss) see the figures Our boss has seen the figures.The figures have been seen by our boss.
- Future Simple (will) + Passive Voice: (the company) break records The company will break records.The records will be broken by the company.
- Simple present: use? habit: happens on regular basis, no end in sight fact/truth future timetable/schedule always, never, often, usually, normally, regularly, seldom, rarely, every ...
- Present Continuous: use? happening NOW temporary action NOW longer action in progress NOW planned finish fixed plans (near future) trends now, at the moment, these days, this ...
- Time adverbs: use? answer question "when?" at START or END of sentence on ..., last ..., this ..., today, tomorrow, next ..., now, at the moment, presently
- Frequency adverbs: use? answer question "how often?" BEFORE main verb AFTER to be verb always, usually, regularly, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never
- Simple Past: use? most often when telling a story starts and stops in the past specific time in the past (helper word: did) ... ago, last ..., yesterday, after, before
- Past Progressive: use? also used for story telling emphasizes DURATION, not time point almost the same as Simple Past two actions/events in the past helper words: was/were + ...-ing while, whilst, when, ... ago, last ..., yesterday, after, before I was working late last night while you were having fun at the pub.They were having an extended break until their boss walked through the door.
- Present Perfect: use? talking about unspecific past things you've done before could still be happening now helper words: have/has + Past Participle for, since, ever, never, already, yet, just Vergangenheit "bis jetzt"
- Past Perfect: use? happened before ... (both in past) emphasizes TIME POINT, not duration often very close to Present Perfect Progressive helper word: had already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day I had already talked to him before he went into the meeting.She hadn't met her boss until that day.
- Present Perfect Progressive: use? start in the past and still now emphasizes DURATION, not time point helper words: has/have + been + ...-ing all ..., for ..., since ..., the whole ... He has been speaking about shipping dates for 20 minutes already.They have been organizing this storage room for two hours now.I have been working at BMW since 1995.
- Modal Perfect Forms: Could have + Past Participle past possible abilities things you could have done in the past, but didn't under my control We could have gone to the presentation, but chose to go to ... instead.I couldn't have bought your company in 2015 when I was bankrupt because I didn't have enough money.Couldn't she have seen this disaster coming?
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- Modal Perfect Forms: Should have + Past Participle good ideas / advice you did or didn't do something that was a good idea We should have had chicken. This fish tastes horrible.Should we have watched the football match at the pub, do you think? Our friends had such a good time.
- Modal Perfect Forms: Would have + Past Participle problably not under my control conditions & situations things that could have been but didn't happen We would have told our boss right away, but she was out of the country and I don't have her phone number.
- Modal Perfect Forms: May / might have + Past Participle past possibility if you're not certain if something happened or not We might have seen Brad Pitt at the park, but I'm not sure.I may not have gotten the grade I wanted on the test, but I did study hard.Might the engineers have started work on this project already?
- Modal Perfect Forms: Must have + Past Participle past probability you're nearly certain it happened, but not 100% sure We must have taken all the keys with us when we left the office, didn't we?Must she have sent the email already?
- Modals of possibility: 100% YES must, have to, required to, obliged to, forced to, it is compulsory to
- Modals of possibility: CHOICE don't have to, can, could, allowed to
- Modals of possibility: 100% NO must not, not allowed to
- Verbs + Gerunds admit avoid can't help can't stand carry on consider delay enjoy keep on practice
- Verbs + Infinitives agree (+ to ...) aim arrange can afford choose decide deserve expect intend plan prepare
- to admit zugeben, zugestehen Gerund
- to avoid vermeiden, verhindern Gerund
- can't help nicht lassen können Gerund
- can't stand nicht ausstehen / ertragen können Gerund
- to carry on fortfahren, weitermachen Gerund
- to consider berücksichtigen, erwägen Gerund
- to delay verschieben, verspäten Gerund
- to enjoy genießen, an etwas Spaß haben Gerund
- to keep on etwas weitermachen, etwas anbehalten Gerund
- to practice trainieren, ein-/ausüben Gerund
- to agree einwilligen, vereinbaren Infinitive