Management of protected areas (Fach) / Level of community (Lektion)
In dieser Lektion befinden sich 8 Karteikarten
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Diese Lektion wurde von Tobbe9191 erstellt.
- Physical and biotic structure of communities Physical structure (spatial)•Share of life forms•Share of growth forms•Vertical structure (stratification)•Horizontal structure (mozaic)•SeasonalityBiotic structure•Species diversity•Domination / evenness•Ecological succession•Interactions between species (populations):–competition,–predation,–parasitism,–herbivory,–commensalism,–protocooperation,–mutualism
- Autogenic succession and allogenic succession Autogenic succession is a self-driven, resulting from the interaction between organisms and their environment. Pioneer species colonize quicly, making opportunistic use of resources before the invasion of more competitive species. Shading leads to dominance by the shade-tolerant species which tend to be slow colonizers.Allogenic succession results from external environmental factors, such as long term climatic changes (e.g. from the time of last glaciacion) or environmental change over short time (e.g. sediment accretion).
- Some kinds of climax Climatic ClimaxClimax community controlled by the climate of the region.In Central Europe forest is the climatic climax community.Edaphic ClimaxClimatic climax community in the region, modified by local conditions of the substrate such as soil moisture, soil nutrients, topography, slope exposure, fire, etc.In Central Europe edaphic climax defines the type of forest.DisclimaxA stable community, which is not the climatic or edaphic climax for the given site, but is maintained in the stable form by man or his domestic animals.Meadows, pastures, other agricultural ecosystems.
- Three processes influencing succession FacilitationChanges in abiotic environment that are imposed by the developed community and allow other species to invade.InhibitionSpecies of one stage resist invasion by later successional species such that invasion is only possible following disturbance or death.ToleranceLate successional species invade because they are able to tolerate lower resource levels and can outcompete early successional species. Highly competitive species, which are tolerant of low resource levels will replace opportunistic good colonizers and come to domiante the climax community.
- Actual and potential vegetation Actual vegetation - a form of a plant community which has been developed under the influence of human activity - eg. meadow.Potential natural vegetation - expected climax plant community after the cessation of human impact - eg. a riparian forest as the final stage of secondary succession after cessation of use of the wet meadow.
- Restoration Restoration. Returning the land to its exact (sensu stricto) or approximate(sensu lato) biological status. Succession and restoration are intrinsically linked because succession comprises species and substrate change over time and restoration is the purposeful manipulation of that change.Succession and restoration differ in scale, subject matter, and underlying paradigms. Succession most commonly addresses time intervals between 10 and 200 years, encompassing the life times of most perennial vascular plants.Restoration typically focuses on periods between 1 and 20 years, or the duration of human involvement in most projects.
- Keystone species Keystone species is a species whose impacts on its community or ecosystem is much larger than would be expected from its abundance.The loss of keystone species may have far reaching consequences.
- Manipulation of succession Physiological, biological etc. bla