Legal English (Subject) / Unit 1 (Lesson)

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• Act of Parliament Parlamentsbeschluss A body of rules enacted by Parliament and having received Royal Assent
• adversarial system kontradiktorisches system system where two sides disagree with and oppose each other
• advocate Anwalt person who pleads in court                                                                               
• affidavit (statement of truth) eidesstattliche Erklärung written statement which might be used as proof in court that somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth
• aggravated damages vorsätzliches Schadensersatz additional damages imposed on the defendant whose conduct increased the injury to the plaintiff by subjecting him or her to distress, embarassment or humiliation                 
• AGM Jahreshauptversammlung yearly meeting of shareholders of a company where various company actions may be presendet and voted up            
• answer Klageerwiderung principal pleading by the defendant in response to a complaint                
• appellant Berufungskläger person who appeals a decision to a higher court                          
• appellate court Gericht zweiter Instanz court which reviews judgements held by lower courts                              
• appellee Berufungsbeklagte the person against whom the appeal has been brought, UK: respondent
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• arbitration Schiedsgerichtverfahren reference of a dispute to an impartial person or panel chosen by the parties who agree in advance to abide by the arbitration award issued after the hearing at which both parties have an opportunity to be heard 
• associate Kollege junior lawyer in a law firm
• attorney US  Anwalt another word for lawyer; used in the
• auditor Wirtschaftsprüfer an outside specialist accountant who checks that an individual`s or organization`s accounts are true and honest
• barrister bei höheren Gerichten zugelassener Anwalt lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a member of one oft he Inns of Court
• Bill (of Parliament) Gesetztesentwurf a proposal for a new law; a draft document which has not been enacted    
• binding precedent bindender Präzedenzfall a principle of law; the decision reached by the highest court in the country is binding on all other courts below it and the decision will be followed in all similar cases. (Decisions of lower courts do not create any binding precedent
• breach of contract/to breach a contract der Vertragsbruch party´s performance which incurs a right for the other party to claim damages 
• by(e)- law/ordinance Gemeindeordnung municipal law; document that defines a company's internal organisation
• cartel group of similar independent companies who agree to join together to control prices and limit competition 
• chairperson / chair person who heads the meetings of an organization, committee etc.
• chairwoman/ chairman woman or man who heads the meetings of an organization, committee etc.
• civil law legal system developed from roman codified law, established by a state for its regulation  area of the law concerned with non criminal matters, rights and remedies  bürgerliches recht 
• claimant or plaintiff person who brings a civil action  KLÄGER
• common law body of law formed through judicial / court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation 
• company secretary someone in limited company who has been appointed by the board of directors, to carry out the company's legal duties, to manage its administration and to maintain contact with its shareholders 
• complaint first pleading field on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based
• contract law this is the law which relates to legally binding agreements between two or more parties. The parties involved have certain rights and obligations.  Vertragsrecht 
• counseler British English barrister litigators  American English office practitinors,litigators  Anwalt  
• creditor A person or a company who is owed a financial obligation  Gläubiger
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• damages money awarded by a court in compensation for injury or loss Schadensersatz
• debtor someone who owes a finacial obligation to another 
• defendant person against whom an action is brought in court. Defendant is generally used when refferring to the anwering party to sa civil complaint; respondent is generally used when reffering to the answering party to a petition for a court order der Angeklagte
• designated member These people have certain administrative and filing duties, e.g. they have tosign the accounts on behalf of the members, to appoint an auditor, to act onbehalf oft he LLP if it is wound up and dissolved, to prepare, sign and delivertot he registrar an annual return (Aufsichtsratsmitglied)
• directive order from a central authority, for example the European Community. AEuropean Community Directive is binding as to the result, but each MemberState may choose how to implement it Richtlinie
• equity system of law developed by the Lord Chancellor which supplementedcommon-law rules where these were too rigid to give justice Billigkeit
• felony a serious crime in the US Verbrechen
• fine a sum of money imposed as punishment for a wrongful act Strafe
• general partner person in a partnership who is fully liable for debts vollhafter
• injunction official order from a court for a person to do or stop doing something einstweilige Verfügung
• invoice an intemized statement given to a buyer by a seller and ususally specifying the price of goods or services and the terms of sale  die Rechnung
• inquisitorial system system used in civil -law jurisdiction in which the presiding judge isresponsible for supervising the gathering of evidence necessary to resolvethe case, i.e the judge has a prosecuting role der Untersuchungsgrundsatz
• judicial of or relating to a judge or a court  richterlich 
• jurisdiction power of a court, authority or official body to decide a legal case or to make an order  of this power territory in which this power exists Die Gerichtsbarkeit
• landlord A person who owens property and either leases it to a tenant for profit  Der Vermieter 
• legalese the complicated language used by lawyers and in legal documents Juristensprache
• limited partner person with limited liyability in a partnership Teilhaber mit beschränkter Haftung
• liquiditation dissolution of a company whereby all assets are sold and the proceeds used to pay off depts Tilgung
• litigant a party to a lawsuit Prozessführer
• litigation presentation of one's case in a court of law for resolution of a dispute; often used as a synonyme for lawsuit Gerichtsverfahren

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