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Developing World (Subject) / The Sustainable Development Goals and development post 2017 (Lesson)
Uni Melb
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- what measure you use matters India's different poverty measures MPI (H): 55% (multidimensional poverty index) 1.25 a day: 42% (this is what the MDGs classified as extreme poverty) 2 a day: 76% national poverty line: 29%
- MDG: primary completion rate slight increase
- MDG4: child mortality decrease but not fully met the 2015 target
- mdg 5: maternal mortality decrease but not fully met target
- goal 7: environmental sustainability co2 levels have increased dramatically
- goal 8: partnerships for development overseas development assistance (oda) fluctuating levels, but only a fracture goes to the least developed countries
- MDG strengths universal agreement - a normative force measurable, therefore higher accountability force multiplier - immense impact on development agenda at national and global levels
- MDG limitations norms do not ensure adherence - accountability is a huge issue not comprehensive; choice of goals and targets questioned inconsistencies in data (different ressources) measures aggregate average progress, therefore does not guarantee improvement of worst-off populations, obscures individual experience formulated in top-down, undemocratic manner technical ix - does not address the underlying, structural drivers of underdevelopment goals prescribed for south only, does not hold rich countries accountable greater attention needed to how MDGs are achieved (democratic process, rights, participations; i.e. POLITICAL processes important)
- SDGs 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life‐long learning opportunities for all5.Achieve gender equality and empower women and girls6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all7. Ensure access to affordable reliable sustainable and modern energy for all8. Promote sustained inclusive and sustainable economic growth full and productive employment and decent work for all9. Build resilient in frastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable indstrialization and foster innovation10. Reduce inequality withing and among countries 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive safe resilient and sustainable 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patters 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans seas and marine resources for sustainable development 15. Protect restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to jzustice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
- positive changes SDG zero goals (leaving no one behind, not looking at averages but everybody) universal goals (for global north AND south) more comprehensive (17 goals, 169 targets) inclusive consultation process (more ppl/organizations and not only heads of state were included - however lobbying) hunger and poverty differentiated (you can still be poor but not be hungry) data monitoring built in environment focus (not just climate change but als biodiversity, lake systems...) quality focus, rather than simply quantitative targets (wanting to see the quality of education, trying to think deeper)
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- the global south in the global north the richest 20% of households in australia now account for 61% of total household net worth, whereas the poorest 20% of households account for just 1 % of the total social mobility and the reality for people to be able to change their circumstances is limited there are over 2 million people in australia that at some stage worry about where their next meal is coming from 1 in 8 australian children live in poverty
- SDG persistent questions Means of implementation? Financing? Technology? Especially a problem for the global south Universals agenda? (both global south and north are focused but suffering in global south shouldnt be undermined, dont wanna obscure those relations of power) Multistakeholder partnerships: multinational corporations financing the development agenda through PPPs (e.g. climate talks and fossil fuel companies) SDGs must move beyond politically neutral positions challenge of combining the agendas of poverty eliminations with agenda on sustainable development and the environment Inequality? Accountability?
- behavioral economics behavioral economis used to predict and shape behaviour towards economic efficiency neoliberal governmentality: increase in the conditionality, surveillance and regulation of those deemed economically inefficient concern: not everyone want to be economically efficient,
- origins of contemporary global inequalities between global north and south can be located in the 500 year history of colonialism
- inequality between north and south cntinue to groß due to ongoing processes of conomic domination and exploitation
- pathways to development shaped by contemp. relations between global north and south Debt (historical legacy , lack of accountability of Northern banks; significant debt relief)•Trade(Structural disadvantages,barriers to tradefacedby GlobalSouth, Kicking away the ladder)•Migration (increasi ng barriers in North)•Deadlock on climatejustice•Aid (part of the problemor the solution?)•BRICS – the newglobalpowers?•MillenniumDevelopment Goals/ SDGs (sl owprogress,flaggingcommitment?)
- solutions related to migration lower barriers in the north, especially for temporary circular migration accepting migration is part of human experience, dont force it underground
- solutions related to aid fulfill 0.7% commitments remove conditionalities