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Cultural Tourism (Subject) / Main Concepts (Lesson)

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• Tourism Travel to and stay in places outside one’s usual environment for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure or recreation
• Culture a cohesive whole of ideas, values and symbols as well as practices, creative expressions and accompanying objects of a specific group of people
• Globalisation an increase of transnational flows of people, products and thoughts
• Cultural hybridisation a process linked to globalization whereby new cultural forms are created through fusion of diverse elements.
• Glocalisation parallel process of globalization and localization whereby globally produced and distributed products are accustomed to/appropriated by local communities
• First nations indigenous communities that have existed in specific places for thousands of years and preceded all colonising inhabitants
• Heritage contemporary uses of the past, including both its interpretation and its representation
• Heritagisation a false representation of the past through heritage, capturing a moment in history and isolating it from its historical context.
• Dissonant heritage a discordance or lack of agreement as to the meaning of a specific example of heritage who owns it, who should be allowed to interpret it and in what ways.
• Indigenous tourism (5) the phenomenon of visiting native people, such as tribal groups and ethnic minorities, focusing on the lifestyles and traditions of those groups living within fragile and remote environments, often in post-colonial, developing cultures.
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• Ethnic tourism the phenomenon of engaging in the cultural activities of a minority group within the tourists’ own society, focusing on the arts and culture of ethnic minority groups, immigrants and diasporas living mainly in post-imperial, Western societies.
• Scientific colonialism an anthropological concept claiming that cultural colonialism continues to control the official representation of indigenous arts and culture, especially in museums and exhibitions 
• Gay space places that are “enacted” and “used” by gays, in which they can be part of a community, be open about their sexuality, and feel safe from prejudices and discrimination.
• Cultural memory a body of re-usable texts, images and rituals specific to each society in each epoch, whose “cultivation” serves to stabilize and convey that society’s self-image
• Living memory (3) the early phase of cultural memory, when eyewitnesses are still alive and multiple, and competing narratives of the past (still) circulate
• Generational memory a recollection of the past shared by large numbers of contemporary witnesses in a given society, dividing age cohorts and defining a political generation, and providing them with a sense of identity.
• Heimattourismus/ Heimwehtourismus (3) the process of traveling to countries, in search of the visitor’s lost home, family graves or other traces of their remembered past
• Prosthetic memories the process through which individuals find ways of relating commonly shared images of the past emphatically to their own life experiences
• Media pilgrimages are not only physical journeys to a location that is important in a particular media story but also represent a symbolic journey during which the distance between the “ordinary world” and the “media world” is collapsed for a moment
• Lieux d’imagination are physical points of reference, such as objects or places which for specific groups in the society provide the opportunity to construct and subsequently cross the symbolic boundary between the imagined and the real world
• Cultural appropriation is a practice whereby social actors ascribe new meanings to specific cultural products
• Dreamscapes are specific landscapes such as the desert, the hills, the woods or the beach, which because of their distinct physical characteristics can easily serve as symbolical carriers of meaning
• Diegetic space the universe constructed within the narrative in which the plot unfolds
• Seduction of crime is the joy and existential thrill of transgression and rule breaking inherent to consuming crime fiction
• Topophilia the love of place in its various forms
• Creative Tourism interactive forms of of leisure activity which are closely linked either to a location and its people, or to some of the more technologically advanced industries
• Democratisation of the arts the concept of making the arts democratically available to as many people as possible thus also opening up the arts to those who normally wouldn’t have access to them
• Art a cultural practice that involves the creation of a specific and definable object (e.g. a play, video, piece of music) intended as a self-conscious, personal or collective expression of something
• Creative industries generic term for the whole of economic activities that are based on a conceptual and practical convergence of the creative arts (individual talent) with cultural industries (mass distribution) usually involving new media technologies
• Regeneration the positive transformation of a place that has previously displayed symptoms of physical, social and/or economic decline
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• Tourist bubble a safe and controlled environment out of which tourists can selectively sample predictable forms of experiences
• Post tourist a consumer who embraces openly, but with some irony, the increasingly inauthentic, commercialised and simulated experiences offered by the tourism industry in a postmodern world characterised by a hyper-commercial experience economy
• Sustainability a quality standard that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Authenticity according to Lacanian psychoanalysis, authenticity is a fantasy that derives its power from the alienated nature of the human condition 
• Jouissance a transgressive state of rapture based on experiences that go beyond merely pleasure
• Dark tourism is the act of visiting sites related to death, suffering, violence or disaster
• Ontological security is the need of individuals for a sense of order and continuity  in relation to their daily social lives
• Orientalism is a totalizing, adverse view of the East, first constructed by imperialists who represented cultures in the Near and Far East as the ultimate and categorical Other of the West
• Sacred spaces are locations where the categorical difference between the sacred and the profane is symbolically anchored and performed in space
• Thanatourism is the phenomenon of visiting sites associated with the death of human beings
• Ghosts of the place refers to the experience of a virtual presence of absent figures usually occurring during visits to sites from our past
• Pilgrimage is a rite of passage that consists of 3 stages: Social and spatial separation from the community A “liminal” space where the pilgrim’s normal social ties are replaced by a temporary bonding with the “communitas” in which the pilgrim directly experiences the sacred/supernatural Reintegration into everyday community, usually at a higher social status

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