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• The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism --> who wrote it and when? Max Weber, 1904: at the beginning of the 20th century. 
• The Protestant Ethic and Spirit Capitalism --> what is it about? Max Weber ties the Lutheran view of the God-given talent and purpose of an individual to the Calvinist concept of predestination.  Protestant: material success itself. --> so a financial wealth drives Protestant countries like the U.S. --> capitalist tendency in coutnries with a high proportion of Protestant inhabitants 
• Bay Colony 1630: 700 settlers founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 (a decade after the Pilgrims landed at Playmouth Rock) --> religious motivated.  Governor of the colony: John Winthrop 
• John Winthrop 1588-1649  became governor of the bay colony (which was founded in 1630 in Massachusetts)  wrote: Model for Christian Charity: new colony of Christian community. 
• A Model for Christian Charity written by Winthrop city upon a hill, --> religious dimension: predestination --> SERMON! (rede) 
• What are the most important specimens of literary production in New England? Sermons, diaries and journals of influential colonists
• The Journal of John... ? Winthtrop  1790 and 1825,1826 --> diary-like entires including passages on dissenters such as Williams and Hutchison
• Richard Mather 3 generations of the Mather family --> he was the grandfather: Increase (his son) and Cotton (his grand-child)  he emigrated from England: in 1635! MOST influential priest of the newly founded Massachusetts Bay Colony and he is one of the founding fathers of the settlement.  wrote the Journal which was published in 1850 
• Who worte the: Journal? Richard Mather (who emigrated to the US in 1635) it was published in 1850!!! (he was dead already) 
• Who wrote: Bay Psalm book? When? 1640, Richard Mather:  it was the first book to be printed on New England soil, 
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• Increase Mather? son of Richard Mather,  Increase: 1639-1723,  studied at Harvard College and in Europe,  worked as a preacher during the Puritan interregnum (1649-1660)  Natives (devils) versus white settlers (representatives of good) 
• Puritan interregnum = when? 1649-1660
• Cotton Mather? grandson of Richard Mather, son of Increase Mather  1663-1728; New-Englanders are People of God settled in those, which were once the Devil's Territories.  salem witch trials --> he writes about that extensively --> 14 women + 5 men were sentenced to death because of him! 
• The Wonders of the Invisible World --> who wrote it and when was it published? Cotton Mather 1693 --> Puritans are People of God settled in those, which were one the Devil's Territories 
• Who wrote: "The New-Englanders are a People of God settled in those, which were once the Devil's Territories" ? + when? Cotton Mather in 1693 (was Colonial literature) 
• In which work can you find the sentence : "The New-Englanders are a People of God settled in those, which were once the Devil's Territories" ? + when? who wrote it? Cotton Mather in 1693 (was Colonial literature)  The Wonders of the Invisible World. 
• Magna Christi Americana --> who wrote it and when and what does it include? Cotton Mather --> 1702: his main work it's a history of New England; he refers to the settlers as a war fo the Lord against the Natives and those of other faiths. 
• Who wrote about Salem witchcraft trials? Cotton Mather 
• What was one of the darkest episodes in the early history of New England? + when? Salem witchcraft trials (2nd half of the 17th century) 
• Who was against the Salem witchcraft trials? Increase Mather (father of Cotton Mather) 
• The Crucible = who wrote it, when? Arthur Miller, famous play. 1953: he compares the which hunt of the late 17th century to the Cold War period (as prosecution of alleged communists by Joseph McCarthy) 
• consequences of 9/11 showed analogies to what? the Salem witchcraft trials 
• The first literary figure on the North American continent to produce literary texts outside of these narrowly confined religious formats was .... ? Anne Bradstreet 1612-72
• Anne Bradstreet 1612-1672: first literary figure on the North American continent that produced literary texts outside of the Pilgrims religion wife to the later governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and mother of 8 children processed her experience in her poems  her poem was published because her brother-in-law took it to America in 1650. --> first printed publication of poems written on American soil 
• The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America = when was it published, who wrote it + where published? Anne Bradstreet wrote it and her brother-in-law took it with him to America without her knowledge, he published it in 1650 and it's considered to be the frist pritned publication of poems written in American soil. 
• The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America = content? by Anna Bradstreet 1650  it's about the psyche and daily life of a woman and mother in a colonial society, marked by extreme sacrifice. --> inner debates over personal tragedies like fire disasters or the death of children and grandchildren.  protofeminist manner --> inner dialogue between personal reality and religious interpretation is characteristic for Bradstreet's poetry. 
• Verses upon the Burning of Our House .... = von wem und wann? full title: "Verses upon the Buring of Our House, July 10th, 1666" --> Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) her poems often start with real events like this one:  her house burned down but then, the poem takes an unexpected turn: she leaves behind the material world of the colony and reads the loss of her house with respect ot the immaterial home that God in his kindness has prepared for her in the eternity of heaven. 
• Whats's characteristic of Bradstreet's poetry? inner dialogue between personal reality and religious interpretation: Puritan belief and predestined world! 
• Who wrote: In Memory of My Dear Granddaughter Elizabeth? = what is it about, when? Anne Bradstreet: she was grieving over her death of her granddaughter Elizabeth: poem. 1665,  Elizabeth: 1,5 years old --> Bradstreest accused God!  for many lines, Bradstreet accusingly compares the death of the child with unnatural occurences in nature. Only the last line superficially accepts these events as God's decisions. ---> accusation against the creator (against God) remains as a silent rebellion against God's will. 
• Edward Taylor 1644-1729: asides from Bradstreet he stands out as a poet in the early colonial period.  he uses contemporary role models, like Metaphsical poets and adapts their work to his specific religious concerns. 
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• Huswifery = who wrote it? when? what? Edward Talyor (1644-1729)  he uses conceits which is a popular stylistic feature in metaphysical poetry in England during the 17th century
• what are conceits? far-fetched metaphors, linking two very different concepts (like Taylor did with his poem Huswifery) 
• What is "Huswifery" all about? who wrote it Taylor: he uses conceits which are far-fetched metaphors, linking two different concepts: he equatees the lyrical "I" with different objetcts and the imaginery of cloth production in his poem. The speaker considers himself to be a tool for God's will, just as the spinning wheel and spool are tools form making clothes. --> not published until 1930 
• Edward Taylor's work? was not published until the 1930s. His work lay undiscovered as manuscripts in the Yale Library for centuries. 
• Who wrote Preparatory Mediations? when were they discovered? Edward Taylor: peoms concerning certain biblical passages. first half of the 20th century: they were discovered --> it was suprising that a puritan minister could be so interested in poetry. 
• the primary genre of Puritan literary self-expression was...? the Sermon 
• Great Awakening = ? during the middle of the 18th century, the Puritan clergy (geistlichen) in New England prolifically employed to propagate (ausbreiten) a rical religious renewal called the Great Awakening 
• Jonathan Edwards 1703-1758: middle of the 18th century: he gathered several hundred believers in a short amount of time in North hampton, sending them into religious raptures (freudentaummel) in 1730s. 
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God --> what is it? who wrote it? what is it about? 1741 Jonathan Edwards: he uses conceits in his sermons, supportin religious content with concrete metaphors, that was his most famous example: Edwards compares humans to a spider being held over the fire of God, who decides whether a person is saved or damned  sinner = Sünder 
• who wrote: "Personal Narrative" + when? Jonathan Edwards 1765: combines traditional Calvinist concepts of predestination with ideas of Enlightenment philosophy. --> here: similar to John Locke's An essay concerning human understanding (1690). 
• An Essay Concerning Human Understanding = who wrote it, when? what's about? 1690: John Locke: things as expressions of a praise of God: meditative belief 
• Phillis Wheatley 1753-1784: earliest African-Amercian poet: from West Africa she came to Amercia as a slave   Wheatley family bought her at the age of 8: household slave in Boston family was liberal and noticed her talent and supported her --> above-average schooling surpassing even the standards of a white girl's education at the time) 
• Who wrote "Poems on Various Subjects" ? (+ when + what) Phillis Weahtley (1753-84)  it was the first publication by an African-American author 
• What's Wheatley's prominent motif in her texts? her African origini. --> poem: on being brought from Africa to America
• Who wrote: "On Being brought from Africa to America"? 1773: Wheatley Phillis (1753-84)  she discusses the ambivalence of her own identity between pagan roots and a Christian philosophy of salvation (Rettung) 
• Who used a double-voiced discourse in her writings? and what is it? Wheatley --> a typical feature of the literature of oppressed groups in general. 
• Sarah Kemble Knight (when, what) ? 1666-1727  private diary: she documents a journey from Boston to New York in 1704-05
• William Byrd 1674-1744 report about the survey of the border between Virginia and North Carolina in 1728-29: contrast between the southern aristocracy and common people. 
• supporting the protection of Natives in Providence, where he tried to establish a colony after his banishment = who? Roger Williams: first half of the 17th century 

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