17
Medical Microbiology (Subject) / Diseases lower respiratory tract (Lesson)
Advertisement
- Mycobacterium M.tuberculosis / M.Bovis / M.leprae mycolic acid layer outer cell wall obligate aerobe / waxy appeal >20h generation time
- Tuberculosis Stage 1) droplets with M.tuberculosis reach alveoli / taken up by macrophages (but inactive) stage 2) 7-21 days M.tuberculosis multiplies in macrophages stage 3) lymphocytes infiltrate and recognize threat / T-cells activate / activation of macrophages / formation of tubercel (gaseous center) stage 4) immune system impared = center grows in size stage 5)wall breach / spread into other part of lung or blood stream
- tuberculin skin test t-cells injected under skin hardened bump BCG vaccine
- Tuberculosis treatment Isoniazid Ethambutol: inhibit mycotic acid synthesis Rifampin: inhibit RNA synth Pyrazinamide: disrupts plasma membrane given for 2 months resistance cause of low compliance
- Pertussis Whooping cough Bordetella perussis G(-) rod specific to celiated cells DTaP vaccination
- Bordetella pertussis virulence capsule many adhesins toxins: pertusis toxin (AB toxin) ADP Ribosyltransferase + Adenylatcyclase Tracheal cytotoxin --> produced from peptidoglycan injected via "needle" to stop cilia from moving
- pertussis stages stage 1) 7-10 days running nose low fever mild cough stage 2) 2-4 weeks paroxysms (burst of coughs) problems with breathing vomiting exhaustion stage 3) 2-3 months recovery or DEATH
- Pneumonia Strep.pneumoniae / diplococcus / with capsule 40-70% asymptomatic carrier Endogenous infection often after airway infection
- Pneumonia (symptoms) High fever chest pain red rusty sputum may infect blood (sepsis) or mengis (meningitis)
- Pneumonia (treatment) penicillin vaccination with polyvalent polysaccharadie (27x)
- Advertisement
- Pneumonia (Legionella) Legionella pneumophila G(-) rod single polar flagellum pray on amoeba in nature (they be like macrophages)
- Pneumonia (heamophilus) heamophilus influenzae G(-) rod upper airways Capsule, LPS, IgA vaccination available
- Viral infections: Influenza Orthlomyxovirus influenza A negative stranded RNA virus genome eight segments (fast evolution)
- Viral infections: Influenza (HE) Hemaglutinin, mediates contact with cells
- Viral infections: Influenza (NA) Neuraminidase, cleaves connection to neuraminic acid on host cell membrane
- Viral infections: Influenza ( Antigenic drift) slight changes in surface proteins
- Viral infections: Influenza (antigenic SHIFT) different viruses combine their genome into new strain