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Medical Microbiology (Subject) / Infections (skin mostly) (Lesson)

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• Skin infections: S.aureus Coagulase (+) protective layer of fibrin CAMP (+) beta-hemolytic (damages erythrocytes so S.agalactea can lyse) yellow on Mannitol-Salt-Phenolred agar
• Skin infections: Impetigo contagiosa itching blisters, liquid with high bac conc. Folliculitis formed Streptococcus pyogenes
• Skin infections: Folliculitis infection of hair follicles
• Skin infections: Furuncle more serious infection of follicle + surrounding area
• Skin infections: Carbuncle hard round deep inflammation of tissue around follicle
• Skin infections: Scalded skin syndrome Caused by S.aureus infected by bacteriophage type II found in children <4 years Exfoliatin toxin cleaves desmoglein => outer skinn layers seperate
• Skin infections: others opportunistic Absceses implanted devices tampons left in for a fucking week [Toxic schock with superantigens]
• Virulence factors: Streptococcus hemolysis alpha hemolysis: green zone (complete lysis and incomplete degradation) beta hemolysis: transparent zone (complete lysis and degradation) gamma hemolysis: no hemolysis
• Virulence factors: Lancefield test hemolysis tested antigen variation in cell wall latex agglutination to determine type
• ACNE Sebum channels blocked with dead cells Propionibacter acnes G(+) anaerobic rod propionic acid promotes inflammation
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• Pseudomonas aeruginosa G(-) aerobic rod pyocyanin produces blue pus (oxidizes, zwitterion can penetrate cell membrane) waterborn post burn infections pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients enterocolitis , meningitis
• Viral infections: WARTS papillomavirus benign skin growth transmission by contact removal: Cryotherapy, electrodessication, burning with acid, imiguimol(immune system), interferon
• Viral infections: Variola Smallpox, caused by orthodox virus transmission respiratory route infection of internal organs -> bloodstream to skin growth in epidermal layers of skin eradicated by vaccination
• Viral infections: Varicella CHICKENPOX varicella zoster virus (human herpes virus 3) respiratory route vacant in dorsal ganglia
• Viral infections: Shingles gürtelrose vacant viruses reactivated if old/malnourished/dying herpes zoster from chickenpox
• Viral infections: HERPES Herpes simplex 1 and Herpes simplex 2 1 common , 2 isn't 1 latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia 2 saccaö nerve ganglia
• Streptococcus pyogenes Gram(+) catalase (-) tolerates oxygen m-protein binds fibrinogen
• Streptococcus pyogenes: impetigo contagiosa superficial skin infection children with sore on limbs blisters that break open
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Cellulitis deeper skin infection enter through lesion parenteral skin red &swollen antibiotc treatment needed
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Lymphengitis spreading infection along lymph vessels abcess at regional nodes
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Necrotizing fasciitis proteases & superantigen interferes with blood flow (anaerobic environment) tissue digested can cause septic shock
• Streptococcus pyogenes: types if infection 1.pyogenic infections 2. immunological inf. 3.toxigenic infections
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Tonsilitis severe sore throat tonsils contain lots of imune cells
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Scarlet Fever erythrogenic toxin by phage infected S.pyogenes sore throat, sandpaper feeling, strawberry tongue
• Streptococcus pyogenes: Immune responses 1. (glomerulonephritis) blockade of glomeruli (blood in urine)  2.(rheumatic fever) immune response in heart valves( antibodies vs m-protein cross react with myosin)
• Streptococcus pyogenes:Virulence Adherence: Protein F binds to fibrinogen
• Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Invasion Streptolysin O/S => lyses host cell Streptokinase =>dissolving fibrin clots Hyalorinidase => dissolves connective tissue
• Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Evasion M-protein binds to fibrinogen hyaluronic acid in capsule C5a peptidase (kills imune cells)
• Rubeola Measles measles virus infects via respiratory route human only rash on face can spread to trunk vaccinations available
• Rubella Röteln similar to measles but milder combination vaccine: measle-mumps-rubella+chicken pox
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• Candida parasitic infection candida albicans candidiasis common in aids patients
• Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei burrow in skin to lay eggs treatment with insectizides arachnida
• Pediculosis Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse) corporis (body louse) feed on blood lay eggs on hair topical insectizides & remove nits insecta

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