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Test Theory (Subject) / Chapter 1 (Lesson)

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• test a measurement device or technique used to quantify behaviour or aid in the understanding and prediction of behaviour
• item a specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly; this response can be scored or evaluated
• psychological test (or educational test) a set of items that are designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behaviour
• scales relate raw scores on test items to some defined theoretical or empirical distribution
• individual test can be given to only one person at a time
• examiner (or test administrator) the person giving the test
• group test can be administered to more than one person at a time by a single examiner
• achievement refers to previous learning
• aptitude refers to the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill
• intelligence refers to a person's general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly, and profit from experience
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• human ability the three concepts of achievement, aptitude and intelligence
• personality test related to the overt and covert dispositions of the individual measures typical behaviour - traits, temperaments, and dispositions
• structured personality test provides a statement, usually of the "self-report" variety, and requires the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses such as "True" or "False"
• ability test measures skills in terms of speed, accuracy, or both
• projective personality test provides an ambiguous test stimulus; response requirements are unclear
• psychological testing refers to all the possible uses, applications, and underlying concepts of psychological and educational tests main use: evaluate individual differences
• reliability refers to the accuracy, dependability, consistency, or repeatability of test results
• validity refers to the meaning and usefulness of test results
• interview a method of gathering information through verbal interaction, such as direct questions
• test batteries two or more tests used in conjunction
• traits relatively enduring dispositions that distinguish one individual from another
• factor analysis a method of finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables
• Woodworth Personal Data Sheet An early structured personality test that assumed that a test response can be taken at face value
• The Rorschach Inkblot Test A higly controversial projective test that provided an ambiguous stimulus (an inkblot) and asked the subject what it might be
• The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) A projective test that provided ambiguous pictures and asked subjects to make up a story
• The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) A structured personality test that made no assumptions about the meaning of a test response. Such meaning was to be determined by empirical research
• The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) A structured personality test developed according to the same principles as the MMPI
• The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) A structured personality test based on the statistical procedure of factor analysis

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