ISL1 (Subject) / Pholology I (Lesson)

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• 1.What is phonetics ? the study of the characteristics of speech sound
• 2) Basic considerations .
• 3.IPA (3) the international phonetic alphabeth the most well-known and most standartised trancription system a system of phonetic symbols is used in school books + dictionary to indicate the pronunciation of words.
• 4.Articulatoryphonetics .
• 5.Describing consonants (1) a speech sound produced by restricting the air flow in some way
• 6.Describing vowels (2) type of speech sound in which the airstream is modulated (=reguliert) and not obstructed (=gehemmt) a sound produced through the vocal cords without constricting (=einengend) of air flow in the mouth
• What is phonetics about (3+3) 1 ->is the study of the human sound system 2 ->the study of characteristic of speech sounds 3 ->Sub-discipline of linguistcs which deals with the following sound-related (=ähnlichen) aspects of languages: the production of speech sounds -> articulatory phonetics their physical properties -> acoustic phonetics perception (=Sichtweise) and processing of speech signals by the listener -> autitory phonetics  
• What types of speech sounds do we find in the languages of the world and in individual languages? Articulatory phonetics investigates how speech sounds are articulated/produced Acoustic phonetics describes the physical properties of speech sounds themselves Auditory phonetics investigates how speech sounds are heard and perceived (erkannt)
• Sounds vs Spelling - the basics no "one-to-one" correspondence of sound and othogaphic symbol (=letter)  
• attributed to George Bernhard Shaw ghoti: enough+ women + nation=> fish
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• What is IPA? cf. Plaget al (2009) Conventionalised way of writing sounds based roughly on Latin spelling system with some new symbols   cf. Plaget al (2009), last page for complete IPA
• Basic components of the speech sound in articulatory phonetics are: (3) Lungs Larynx vocal tract
• What are the egressive pulmonic air stream mechanism about: (3) Mechanism that produces an air stream that is pushed up from the lungs and leaves the body through the mouth or nose Egressive“towards the outside” Pulmonic“from the lungs”
• What is the larynx about: The larynx : Vocal folds/glottis the vocal folds are a pair of membranes stretched across the larynx. to test whether a certain sound is voiced or voiceless, put your finger against your larynx. If you feel it vibrating the sound is voiced.
• How is the air stream modified? ... by organs of speech (articulators). Classification of sounds depends mainly on where the air stream is modified and how Articulators are used: Active articulators Movable Lips, tongue, soft palate, …      2. Passive articulators Non-movable Alveolar ridge, teeth, hard palate,…
• Vowels are produced with: without obstruction (blockieren) of the air stream
• Consonants are produced with (1) obstruction (Blockierung) of the air stream

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