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Anglistik (Subject) / Syntax (Lesson)

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• Head Movement Constraint head movement only relates a head and the head of its complement
• earliness principle operations must apply as early as possible in a derivation
• null T all finite and non-finite clauses contain an overt or null T constituent which projects a TP
• case condition a pronoun or noun expression is assigned case by the closest case-assigning head which c-commands it
• impenetrabilty condition a constituent in the domain of head c is impenetrable (and so cannot be attracted by) a higher head c-commanding c
• locality principle grammatical operations are local
• binarity principle every non-terminal node in a syntactic structure is binary branching
• headedness principle every non-terminal node in a syntactic structure is a projection of a head word
• complementizer condition an overt complementizer (that/if/for) cannot have an overt specifier *I wonder which girl that he is dating
• attract smallest condition a head which attracts a particular type of item attracts the smallest constituent containing such an item
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• Give an example of: 1. pied-piping 2. stranding of prepositions Pied-Piping: They asked to whom he was referring Stranding of Prepositions: They asked who he was referring to
• Binding Principles A: Anaphors must be bound within local domain B: Pronouns must be free within local domain C: r-expressions must be free in the overall structure containing it
• What is Linguistics? The study of human language
• What is syntax? The study of how sentences are constructed
• What is I-Language? - an internalized linguistic system - state of FL --> enables us to generate expressions
• What is language? 1. human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication 2. any specific example of such a system --> language combines sound and meaning
• What is the Faculty of Language? - FL - language organ --> hardware
• What is Grammar? a theory of the internal language system of a native speaker --> competence
• What is Universal Grammar? - the theory of the initial state of FL - software - contains principles and parameters
• How does a language-specific grammar arise out of UG? UG contains principles and parameters --> some are open at the beginning of live --> the linguistic input a child receives is the basis for determining these open values A language-specific grammar is simply a specification of the values that the principles of UG leave open
• Coordination Condition Only constituents of the same type can be coordinated
• Competence vs. Performance Competence:the knowledge of the grammer of a native speaker Performance:how is this knowledge actually used
• What is a projection? Every non-terminal node is a projection of a head word.(Headedness Principle) --> a head project its semantic and grammatical properties to the phase level (e.g. the non-terminal node)
• What is a specifier? - the sister of a phrase formed by a head and its complement - obligatory  
• EPP Extended Projection Principle

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