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Cognition and Attention (Subject) / Chapter 7 (Lesson)

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• explicit memory test consciously refer back to the learning phase
• implicit memory test indirectly assess memory by presenting tasks that do not seem to be related to info presented during learning episode
• partial-report procedure presenting array of letters followed by a cue that indicates row which must be reported all letters present in display stored in some manner
• partial-report superiority effect percentage of letters reported from briefly presented display is higher when cue is given indicating subset of letters to report than when all letters should be reported
• temporal integration paradigm two visual displays are briefly presented at different temporal intervals observers required to integrate two displays in order to respond correctly
• iconic memory memory buffer in which items from a briefly flashed array reside up to 800 ms
• echoic memory auditory sensory memory holding ear-specific representation up to 150-350 ms
• working memory memory buffer that holds small amount if info while it is being worked on or processed not just a passice stoarage location but place where info is mentally manipulated
• long-term memory permanent collection of facts, knowledge, and records of experiences
• Baddeley's model of working memory consists of -visuo-spatial skecthpad (storing+manipulating visual images) -phonological/articulatory loop (store+manipulate speech-based info) -central executive (all-purpose attentional controller presumed to supervise and coordinate work of 1+2)
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• conceptual short-term memory enables rapid computation of post-categorical, meaningful representations of perceived stimuli
• rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) visual items (letters, words, pictures) presented one after the other at the same location at a rate of 10 items per second
• attentional blink deficit in reporting the second of two targets presented in RSVP when second target occurs about 200-500 ms after the first performance dropped to lag 3
• lag-1 sparing good second target performance at lag 1 attentional gate still open allowing t2 to get selected as well (150-200 ms) only P3 was affected by attentional blink
• change blindness inability to see change in two scenes presented beofre and after a global or local transient unless attention focused on location of changed element
• short-term consolidation info is remembered and reported
• procedural memory memory system that enables retention of learned associations between stimulus and reponses --> supports adaptive reponse to environment
• procedural learning learning evidences by improvements in execution of task elements
• implicit learning learning without intention to do so
• serial reaction time task (unter implicit learning) observers press key whenever stimulus appears response made to position of stimulus, its color or some other stimulus attribute 1.random condition-         stimulus position chosen randomly from trial to trial 2.repeating sequence position-   "    "         is predictable
• Instance Theory of Automaticity theory of skill aquisition in which performance speeds up as a function of practice because more and more instances are collected as time goes on which has effect of making retrieval faster and easier
• power law of practice performance improves as a power functio of numver of trials of practice   instance theory of automaticity
• Bundesen's theory of visual attention attentional selection based on the outcome of a race between categorizations of stimuli in display stimuli activate representations in memory and stimulus that most quickly reaches activation threshold is selected attention to stimuli assumed to speed up activation process   three factors which stimuli selected: 1.quality of sensory evidence 2. bias for categorizing stimuli as members of category 3. attentional weight

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