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Cognition and Attention (Subject) / Chapter 1 (Lesson)

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• apperception act that is necessry for an individual to become conscious of an event
• structuralism determine structrue of mind through controlled introspection
• voluntarism emphasizes volition. psychological processes only understood in terms of goals or consequences
• task set configuratin of various "modules" in the brain so as to perform the appropriate action with a given stimuli  
• task-set switching paradigm participants switch between performance of two tasks in either a predictable or unpredictable manner
• exogenous control attention drawn automatically toward a stimulus
• endogenous control attention directed toward stimulus voluntarily
• psychological refractory period effect slowing in reaction time to the second of of two tasks when the second task is performed in temporal contiguity with the first
• vigilance decrement drop in task performance during first 30 minutes of performing a sustained attention task
• dichotic listening paradigm two separate auditory signals are presented separately to the two ears. instructed to attend to stimulus presented to one ear and ignore the other
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• shadowing task listener repeats back auditorily presented stimuli
• filter theory Broadbents early selection theory of attention in which information is initially held in a preattentice temporary store, and only sensory events that have some physical feature in common with attentional "filter" are selected to pass into the limited capacity processing system
• late-selection attentional selection of certain stimuli for further processing based on higher level properties of stimuli such as their meaning
• early-selection attentional selection of certain stimuli for further processing based on basic perceptual features of the stimuli
• unitary capacity or resource theory Kahnemann, attention is single resource that can be divided among different tasks in different amounts. Available supply of this resource varies as function of arousal and task demands and voluntary allocation strategies
• event-related brain potential (ERP) electrical activity recorded at sclap that occurs in response to an external stimulus event
• feature integration theory theory of visual search in which attention must be allocated to stimulus locations in order to integrate the features of the stimulus presented at that location
• negative priming longer RT to a target in a probe display when it has previously appeared as distractor in a prime display relative to a target that was not also present in prime display
• selection-for-action view attentional limitations not attributed to limited capacity resource but  are byproducts of need to coordinate action and ensure that the correct stimulus information is controlling intended response

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