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Anglistik (Subject) / Survey of BritLit (Lesson)

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• Oliver Goldsmith Precursor of Romanticism Deserted Village She Stoops to conquer poem   subjectivity and individualism, concern with nature, melancholy, the ancient and exotic, idea of the true artist, lyrical speaker as an emotional individual
• James Thomsen Precursor of Romanticism poem The Season
• Cony‐catching stories ·         Written and compiled by Robert Greene ·         Fool stories; fools would fool pedestrians on the street
• Euphuism ·         Stories like John Lyly’s Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit ·         Exuberant rhetoric: full of rhetorical figures, long sentences ·         Rather flat plot; focus on use of language ·         Stylistic experiment
• Humanism °          From theocentrism to anthropocentrism = humans are in the centre of attention instead of God °          studia humatitatis = educational programme °          new curriculum for education °          increasing literacy
• Pastoral ·         Idealist world of the shepherds ·         Opposite to new life in society that becomes more and more hectic ·         Virgil’s Bucolics
• Picaresque novel ·         Picaro = Spanish = servant ·         Plot narrated from point of view of the underdog ·         Picaro is often critical of social structures ·         Earlier romances usually dealt with princes
• Glorious Revolution the events of 1688-89 in England that resulted in the ousting of James II and the establishment of William III and Mary II as joint monarchs Also called Bloodless Revolution
• Victorian Age ·         shaped by Ambivalences ·         constancy vs. rapid industrial progress ·         euphoria vs. doubt (technical innovations, Darwinism) ·         prosperity vs. poverty (parallel lives of upper and lower classes) ·         morality vs. hypocrisy ·         realism vs. aestheticism Beginning of women movement     b
• Restoration Comedy/Comedy of manners reopening of theatre from outdoor to indoor women on stage new technology access social restricted to UMC different topics: intrigue, wit, sex, deceit
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• Epistolary novel ·         Depiction of intimacy and the performance of exemplary morality ·         Examine how individuals cope with a dilemma
• Thomas Kyd The Spanish Tragedy Renaissance Drama
• Ben Johnson Volpone, The Alchemist Renaissance Drama, EMP, First publisher who published plays in Folio Format
• Christopher Marlow The Jew of Malta, Tamburlain, EMP, Renaissance Drama
• George Etherege The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter EMP, From Restoration to Sentimental Comedy
• From Restauration to Sentimental Comedy New Technology Women on stage indoor play, middle class audience, bourgeois morality = the education of the MC, proscenium stage, shutters = moveable scenery, women on stage, a joy too exquisite for laughter, comedy of manners – intrigue, wit, sex, deceit
• Richard Steele The Conscious Lovers, EMP Restoration Comedy
• William Painter Palace of Pleasure EMP, short prose narratives and popular story telling
• Thomas Deloney EMP, short prose narratives and popular story telling, Jack of Newberie Thomas Reading The Gentle Craft  
• Robert Greene’s cony-catching pamphlets   EMP Short prose narrative and popular story telling, with moral at the and. Why isn’t this a realistic story? maybe bc of the novel structure
• George Gascoigne The Adventures of Master F.J. Long narratives, precursors of the novel The Adventures of Master F.J.     Long narratives, precursors of the novel EMP  
• John Lyly Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit Long narratives, precursors of the novel Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit     Long narratives, precursors of the novel EMP
• Thomas Nashe The Unfortunate Traveller. Or the life of Jack Wilton Long narratives, precursors of the novel, picaresque romances The Unfortunate Traveller. Or the life of Jack Wilton     Long narratives, precursors of the novel, picaresque romances EMP
• Robert Greene’s Pandosto: The Triumph of Time    Long narratives, precursors of the novel EMP
• John Milton Paradise Lost   heroic  epic Restoration EMP
• John Bunyan Pilgrim’s Progress    Back to “Everyman tradition” and morality play: examines the question of Christian salvation by use of allegorical characters, and what Man must do to attain it. Fiction not drama, simply constructed allegory story EMP  
• Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times 18th c. Literary Figures, Essayists, Philosophers and Analysts
• Adam Smith Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 18th c. Literary Figures, Essayists, Philosophers and Analysts
• Daniel Defoe -satire The Shortest Way with Dissenters 18th c.
• Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels A Tale of a Tub A Modest Proposal Satire 18th c
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• Henry Fielding An Apology for the life of Mrs Shamela Andrews parodies, social criticism The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend, Mr. Abraham Abrams The History of the Life of the Late Mr Jonathan Wild the Great The Burlesque, a story of a criminal, showing people how they should behave by depicting someone who doesn’t The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling The Classical, criticism of class notion, social criticism. structured like a classical play
• Precursors of Romanticism Oliver Goldsmith    Deserted Village, She Stoops to Conquer, poem James Thomson    The Seasons, poem George Crabbe    The Village, poem Thomas Gray    Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, poem  
• Pre-Romantic individualists   William Blake    Songs of Innocence  The Tyger from Songs of Experience    poem  ,rather hermetic, not easily accessible, nature cannot fully be understood by men, illustrated by himself   Robert Burns    Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect    ,limited readership, Scottish national poet, collected and edited folk songs and folk tales  
• Older Generation Romantics / Lake Poets William Wordsworth    Westminster Bridge, poem    • devotion to nature; turn to nature as a teacher, turn towards imagination and solitude,stressing individualism, Preface to lyrical ballads    • poetological essay: addressing question of how good poetry should be composed and what its role and function is in society, question of appropriate language for poetry, desire to break with 18th century tradition (heavy constructedness of neoclassicist poetry) • self-reflexivity• idea of the poet-genius: “poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”• use of common language • presenting ordinary things “in an unusual aspect” (daffodils)• ambition to start literary reform     “Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, dealing with the metropolis of London, not with nature or landscape, projection of a will to see the beauty of the city despite the smog, soot and dirt characteristic of Victorian London??       “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”inspiration by nature, beauty, poetological concern  what can/should the poet do with such inspiration? (last stanza) Coleridge
• High / Late Romanticists George Gordon, Lord Byron  aristocrat, unorthodox lifestyle, self-fashioning, creation of artistpersona,  ‘Byronic’ hero: antihero, loner, cynic, break with middle class morality, life led by emotions and drives, not by socially constructed value system Percy Bysshe Shelley    Ode to the Westwind topics: anarchy, atheism and free love; philosophical scepticism, rejection of Christian morality and mythology: The Necessity of Atheism (1811), politically radical; interest in revolutions and evolutions, against literary conventions: experiments with verse forms,The Defence of Poetry, poetological essay, proclaims social function of poetry and prophetic role of the poet, poetry as liberator of individual John Keats, retreat into nature, melancholic quest for beauty, death wish?Proto-type of romantic genius   Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (1818)   the sublime,‘gothic’ tradition, critique of human interference with nature; scepticism of science and the quest for infinite knowledge,• embedded narrations, stereotypical set: house of gothic style, sublime landscapes, a villain victim constellation, „supranatural“ element  
• Victorian Age: Early and High Victorian Poets Alfred Lord Tennyson    Idylls of theKing    Typical Victorian poet, objective and realistic viewpoint Matthew Arnold    Dover Beach    Retreat and isolation as solution Robert Browning    My Last Duchess; Men and Women    Dramatic monologues Elizabeth Barrett-Browning Petrachan sonnets
• Pre-Victorian Female Novel Jane Austen    Sense and Sensiblity    Conduct-book tradition (studying society), gender as social construct. Negotiation of class differences in upper strata of society, Materialism vs. emotionality (problems in finding a marriage partner), Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park        Emma        Persuation George Eliot    Middlemarch   A Study of Provincial Life   
• Novel of Development Charles Dickens    Oliver Twist        David Copperfield        Great Expectations    Negative notion, a young character trying to find his/her position in society Charlotte Bronte    Jane Eyre    Pre-feminist George Eliot    The Mill on the Floss     
• Victorian Age: Condition of England Novel Charles Dickens    Hard Times    Novels of social consciousness, life and hardship of working class shown to the middle classes,First time it was written about the working class with a positive notion Elizabeth Gaskell    Mary Barton,  North and South
• Victorian Age: The popular Novel Mary Elizabeth Braddon    Lady Audleys Secret Arthur Canon Doyle    Sherlock Holmes Henry Rider Haggard    King Salomon’s Mies    Bram Stoker    Dracula
• Decadence Victorian Oscar Wilde    The Picture of Dorian Gray    Novel Ernest Christopher Dawson    Non sum qualis eram bonae sub regno Cynarae    poems Lord Alfred Douglas    Impression de Nuit: London    poems Arthur Symmons    I know your lips are bought    poems
• Victorian Age: The New Women Novel: Gender Instabilities Sarah Grand    The Heavenly Twins Thomas Hardy     Jude the Obscure
• Victorian Age: Fin-de-Siecle Pessimism and Anxieties in the Novel Art for arts sake Robert Louis Stevenson    The Strange Case of Dr. Jeykll and Mr. Hyde    popular George Moore    Esther Waters    Thomas Hardy    Tess of the D’Urbervilles: A pure Woman    Fallen woman
• Edwardian Fiction Herbert George Wells    The Time Machine    Edward Morgan Forster    Howards End    Idealist values of family and economy discussed Arnold Bennett    Anna of the Five Towns    Return to Romanticism, Nostalgia John Galsworthy    The Fosyte Saga    discussion of economy and corruptibility
• Georgian Poets and War Poets D. H. Lawrence        uses of the pastoral, war in the trences: from enthusiasm to criticism Rupert Brooke    The Soldier    sonnet, about the constellation that a mother has lost her son, topics were new, lots of psychoanalysis Wilfried Owen    Anthem for the Doomed Youth    senselessness of war, dying was not a noble affair  
• Modernist Fiction the erosion of the Victorian Value System Henry James     Portrait of a Lady    Virginia Woolf    Mrs. Dalloway    shaped the understanding of society more than the Victorian Age,  To the Lighthouse    the psychological novel: the turn “within”, interested in the underlying psyche,  The Waves    James Joyce    Finnegans Wake    Dorithy Richardson    Pilgramage    series of 12 novels, example of turning within D. H. Lawrence    Sons and Lovers,    Lady Chatterley’s Lover    woman who finds satisfaction of life in having an affair with the housekeeper, book was censored (1928), 1964 accepted  
• Modernist Poets T. S. Elliot    Prufrock and Other Observations    Prufrock = proofed not to be hard as a rock, insecure of whether he should or not should do sth Ezra Pound    Cantos     

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