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Technologie und Innovationsmanagement (Subject) / Open Innovation (Lesson)

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• What are three mayor threats in a rapidly changing and complex world? - Increasing speed of change - Discontinuous change - learning not knowing
• What kinds of new revenues does open innovation offer? - sale/ diversity - spin-off - Licence
• Who is part of the innovation network of the firm? Administration Suppliers Co-suppliers Consultants Competitors Customers Distributors Research and training institutes
• Why is it difficult to find, assimilate and use external knowledge? knowledge is unevenly distributed Information is sticky not invented here syndrome local search bias
• What is absorptive capacity? The ability of a firm to recognize the value of new, external information, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends
• What are the challenges of absorptive capacity? Difficulty in acquiring and using new knowledge Certain overlap with existing knowledge is necessary R&D needs to be viewed as investment in today’s and tomorrow’s technology
• What are the 4 dimensions of absorptive capacity? AcquisitionAssimilationTransformationExploitation
• What is a technological Gatekeeper? a key person in the innovative communiation process, who provides scientists and engineers involved with R&D with work related specialized information from company external sources Facilitates the search for information inside and outside of the company
• What is crowdsourcing? The act of taking a job once performed by employees and outsourcing it to a large, undefined group of people, generally through the form of an open call over the internet. distributing tasks to unknown masses to collect diverse and creative ideas
• Why does crowdsourcing bring more valuable ideas? Crowdsourcing solutions have a higher variance and therefore bring more valuable ideas
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• What are 4 important steps to manage the crowd? Define, Broadcast, Attract, Select
• What are the 3 things that need to be defined/broadcasted/attracted/selected? Task type, Specifity of the task definition, Decomposition Channel, Invitation, Crowd size Inccentive type, allocation, ownership ambiguity Evaluation criteria, Crowdfiltering, Sequential
• What is innocentives innovation model? Innocentive helps to solve problems where R&D departments have failed by broadcasting problems to virtual communities
• What are the crowdsourcing options for companies that you know from the lecture? Contest, Collaborative Communities, Complementors, Labor Markets
• What are the 5 challenges and problems that firms that try to leverage the innovation potential from crowds face? 1)General business problems have to be implemented in a concrete technical question 2)The big challenge is the correct handling of intellectual property (fair treatment of IP rights) 3)Success depends on committed employees in the company (promoters) 4)Management Support for promoters 5)Crowdsourcing requires a certain amount of opening up by the company
• What is the Problem with information for new products? It lies at the users' locus and is sticky Information about needs is unevenly distributed Users know about which needs a product should fulfil and which needs are satisfied Users are not necessarily customers Not all users can express their needs or are ahead of the trend
• What problems arise when users are integrated? Seems promising, but average user might not provide valuable information
• What are the pros of User Integration? User Integration as driver for innovation Customers as active value partners Maximizing customer value Sustainable profits
• what are the cons of user integration? functional fixation not able to articulate future needs "sticky" information no urgend needs for new products
• What kinds of user integration are possible (from incremental to radical innovation) Market observation passive influence active role in decision finding active participation
• How does the paradigm shift work in which the users start innovating themseves? Explain when an urgent need is not satisfied, some users don't wait for manufacturers to provide solutions, they start to innovate themselves, before the first manufacturer recognizes a need and a market
• What fields of innovation have innovative users? Name examples Equipment for outdoor sport Medical surgery equipment Extreme sports equipment
• How do lead users differ from normal users? - their ideas are highly valuable - are ahead of the trend - expect high benefits from innovation
• Describe the 4 steps of the lead user method that integrates lead users in the innovation process Step1: Start of the lead user process Step2: Identification of needs and trends Step3: Identification of lead users Step4: Concept design
• Describe the 5 phases of the lead user method Phase 1: Market Segmentation, Search field Phase 2: Trend Analysis Phase 3: Identification of lead users Phase 4: Development of Concepts Phase 5: Test of acceptance
• Name the possible problems in the lead user method for market niches only problem with intellectual property problem of secrecy increased cost and time commitment internal barriers
• What are pragmatic Problems with the lead user method? trend analysis identification of lead users Problems with lead user-workshops problems during acceptance test

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