12

Djur (Subject) / Large herbivores (Lesson)

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  • What are Ungulates? large herbivores, only even-toed present (Cetartiodactyla)
  • Characteristics on skull. Digestion. Pigs? • have upper incisors • tusks (=up-turned canines) • molars with knobs • do not ruminate!
  • Characteristics of pigs? Food? Litter? Bodymass? • weight ranges from 35 to 175kg • deciduous forest, mostly south of Norrland (short legs!) • opportunistic feeding, do not ruminate! • one litter with 3 to 8 piglets in February-June, piglets stripped (camouflage) • yearly harvest approx. 110 000
  • Upper incisors on deers? Moose, reindeer and roe deer are lacking upper incisors.
  • Characteristics of Fallow deer? Food? Litters? Bodymass? • mixed feeder, more generalist • introduced to SWE from the mediterranean, mainly south of Norrland • breeding harems, 1 calf May-June • white spots in summer, up to 130kg
  • characteristics of red deer? Food? Litters? Body? • damage to tree plantations but also agricultural land • grass and herbs in summer, browsing in winter due to snow cover • present out side of Umeå • breeding harems in fall with 1 calf in May-June (low reproduction rate) • 10 000 shot yearly
  • Characteristics of Moose. Food? Litters? Body? • young pine forests + also rowan and aspen, seasonal migration to such (more in northern SWE thou) • herbs and leaves + water-plants in summer • solitude (=no breeding harems), 1 to 3 calves born in spring • up to 800kg (?), antlers palmate
  • Characteristics of reindeers? Food? Litters? Numbers? • lichens dominate in diet BUT also grasses, herbs and shoots • harems, dominant males try to keep them (1 calf in May-June) • both sexes have antlers, often asymmetrical • approx. 250 000 reindeers in SWE (harvest: 50 000)
  • Characteristics of roe deer. Food? Litters? Body? • selective due to low body mass, woody plants in winter AND leaves, mushroom, herbs in summer • ONLY deers with delayed implantation! 1 to 3 young in May-June • up to almost 35kg • like mosaic areas with hiding places • native in SWE, except Norrland (b/c of snow cover)
  • Characteristics of bovids? Digestion? Skull? Horns? • horn show continous growth • do ruminate • lack upper incisors (horny plade instead)
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  • Characteristic of Musk ox? Food? Litter? Body? Population? • form circles against predators • lichens, grass, herbs, birch, willow • 1 to 2 young born in April-May • 200 to 400kg, both sexes with horn • population in Jämtland, approx. 10
  • Characteristics of mouflon? • mediterranean species, introduced with wildlife farms • mostly grass and herbs, also woody plants (reach up to 1.50m) • 25 to 50kg, males white horns and saddle • 1 young born in April-May • very closely related to domestic sheep

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