Intercultural and Interpersonal Communication (Subject) / Intercultural and Interpersonal Communication (Lesson)

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• What is language? A system of communication consisting of sound, words, and grammar or the system of communication used by people of a particular country or type of work
• What is the main statement of linguistic relativism? Linguistic relativism argues that people's first language has an influence on the way they perceive reality, think and behave.
• What is meant by the paradoxical relationship between trust and communication? Trust is both a prerequisite and a result of communication.
• What is the definition of communication? Communication is the process by which messages or information is sent from one location or person to another, or the message itself. Communication is also the exchange of information and the expression of feelings that can lead to understanding.
• Define the term organization Organizations are systems of rules and processes that generate new rules and processes, in order to coordinate all kinds of human operations. This means, first of all, organizations are systems of generating decisions.
• Briefly describe the role of an individual in an organization Individuals fulfill a certain function in an organization and organizations aim as much as possible to be independent of the individual
• How do organizations communicate their core values and beliefs? Through symbols, rituals and heroes
• Name five examples of interpersonal communication -Negotiation -Business lunch -Presentation -Conference -E-Mail, Whatsapp, Social media
• What is humor useful for? Breaking the ice or releasing tension in a critical situation
• How is humor used in the business context in different countries? Germany: from time to time appropriate, generally not recommendable France: little use Scandinavia: frequently used from the start Eastern Europe: not from the beginning, later accepted and helpful US/UK: frequently used from the start China, Japan: not from the beginning, always need to be careful
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• name five types of personal intercultural relationships -kinship (family) -formalized or unformalized relationship -friendship -casual relationship -membership (club, association,...)
• What is phonetics? A branch of linguistics, it is the study of language in general and of a particular language, its structure, grammar, and history
• What are some general skills in business communication? (8) -Problem-solving -Negotiation -Enabling -Patience -Empathy -Handshakes are still a professional standard -Respect the dress code -keep a distance of around 1,5m -always have your business card with you, especially in Asian countries
• What are some basics of verbal business communication? (5) -Be natural and authentic -Always be prepared -Think before you speak -Avoid speaking about religion and politics -Always listen more than you speak
• What are some basic guidelines for effective communication? (6) -think before you speak -speak clearly -be aware of nonverbal signs -pay attention to the counterpart (active listening) -the attitude of the counterpart is what people remember most -when discussing sensitive topics, trust-building beforehand is required
• How can organizational structures be characterized and what are advantages/disadvantages? Authoritatively connected: -faster, not crisis resistant -inflexible, demotivating Democratively connected: -less fast, crisis resistant -flexible, motivating
• What is included in nonverbal communication? (4) -body language -distance -physical appearance of voice -touch
• What does phonetics deal with? articulatory and acoustic properties of speech, how they are produced and recieved
• What influences communication and body language? daily-being and the environment
• What are the four ears of communication? -relationship ear -self-revealing ear -fact ear -appealing ear
• How do conflicts evolve? (4) 1. Someone is feeling uncomfortable but doesn't say anything 2. The unsolved conflict becomes more annoying 3. More and more the emotional level is taking over followed by anger and verbal attacks 4. The struggle becomes an open conflict in the consequence
• What are the five styles of reacting to/dealing with conflict? -Directing -Avoiding -Compromising -Cooperating -Harmonizing
• What is important when dealing with verbal attacks? -noticing in which way the conversation is drifting -starting countermeasure asap -understanding the nature of the conflict    -conflict of interests    -conflict of power    -conflict of standards/rules/laws
• How do develop a deeper understanding of the structure of a conflict? -Clarification of concerns -Revealing of hidden obstacles/barriers -Mutual exchange on the basis of concerns (common/complementary/neutral/divergent)
• What can be gained through active listening? 3 knowledge, information, understanding
• What are some signs of active listening? -paraphrasing -nodding/affirming -physical contact to demonstrate empathy
• What are the four types of listeners? -people-oriented listeners -action-oriented listeners -content-oriented listeners -time-oriented listeners
• What are the five types of questions? -closed questions -open questions -funneling questions -leading questions -rhetoric questions
• What is interpersonal intelligence? To resist the use of power. It gets harder to tune into others the greater a person's power becomes.
• What is interpersonal influence? The act of changing the attitudes, behaviors, and judgments of others.
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• What are the two kinds of gestures? -posture gestures -motion gestures
• What are the four categories of rhetoric? Logos: use of logical ideas Pathos: appeals to the emotions Ethos: describes the guiding tenets Kairos: appeals to the timeliness of an argument
• What are the three key factors for rhetoric? -authenticity -gestures -voice
• Name five aspects of good rhetoric -commitment to speak -plan a desired goal -the end is more important than the start -structure your thoughts in past, present, future -KISS
• What is leadership? Leadership is about setting a direction. It is about creating a vision, empowering and inspiring others to want to achieve the vision, and enabling them to do so with energy and speed through an effective strategy. In its essence leadership is about mobilizing a group of people to jump into a better future.
• What is management? Management is the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to reach the agreed objectives

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