107

EDDY (Subject) / MO-ATS (Lesson)

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• priority of service -emergency -flights of air defence -SAR -flights carrying sick or injured persons -government flights general: first come, first serve; but least possible average delay
• Take-off position Turn-off position Take-off clearance shall be issued here if not practicable at holding point Taxi instruction to the apron or the instruction to contact ground control resp. apron shall be issued
• Light signals directed toward aircraft in flight mean: Steady green light: Cleared to land Steady red light: Give way to other aircraft and continue aerodrome traffic circuit Series of green flashes: Return for landing Series of red flashes: Do not land, aerodrome unsafe Series of white flashes: Land at this aerodrome and taxi to apron Red pyrotechnical lights: Notwithstanding any previous instructions and clearances, do not land for the time being
• Light signals directed toward aircraft on the ground mean: Steady green light: Cleared for take-off Steady red light: Stop Series of green flashes: Cleared to taxi Series of red flashes: Taxi clear of landing area in use Series of white flashes: Return to starting point on the aerodrome
• Water on a RWY, TXY or apron - Damp: the surface shows a change of colour due to moisture - Wet: the surface is soaked but there is no standing water - Standing water: for aeroplane performance purposes, a runway where more than 25 per cent of the runway surface area (whether in isolated areas or not) within the required length and width being used is covered by water more than 3 mm deep
• Wind calm wind speed indicator shows zero
• WIND VARIABLE ... KNOT(S) shall only be used in light wind conditions (< 3 kt) with wind direction variations of 60 degrees or more, or in the case of wind direction variations of 180 degrees or more (independent of the wind speed) and/or when it is impossible to indicate a mean wind direction
• conditions to use reduced RWY separation btw. two aircraft using same RWY - tail wind component shall not exceed 5 kt - the ground visibility is at least 5 km and the ceiling is not below 1000 ft - braking action shall not be adversely affected by runway contaminants such as ice, slush, snow, water etc - traffic information shall be provided to the succeeding aircraft - reduced runway separation minima shall not apply between a departing aircraft and a preceding landing aircraft - there shall be available means, such as suitable landmarks, to assist the controller in assessing the distances between aircraft
• Category 1 aircraft single-engine propeller aircraft with a MTOM of 2 t or less
• Category 2 aircraft - single-engine propeller aircraft with a MTOM of more than 2 t but not more than 7 t - twin-engine propeller aircraft with a MTOM of 7 t or less
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• reduced RWY sep 600m Cat 1 succeeding Cat 1 or 2 preceding
• reduced RWY separation 1500m Cat 2 succeeding Cat 1 or 2 preceding
• reduced RWY separation 2400m Cat 1 to 3 succeeding Cat 3 preceding
• Simultaneous use of intersecting runways by arriving aircraft may be permit-ted under the following conditions: on the runway with the available distance between threshold and intersec-tion of at least 2200 m an aircraft having a maximum allowable take-off weight of up to 2000 kg is landing This procedure shall only be applied if all of the following conditions are met -visual meteorological conditions prevail -braking action is not adversely affected by runway contaminants (e.g. slush, water etc.) -both aircraft have been informed about the simultaneous landings -the aircraft specified in MO-ATS item 324.32 was instructed to hold short of the intersection
• wake turbulence separation heavy behind heavy 4NM medium behind heavy 5NM light behind heavy 6NM light behind medium 5NM
• departure messages for.... -VFR flights for which a flight plan has been filed -IFR flights with a VFR portion -IFR flights to specific destination areas as CY, K, M... -flights with priority of service -military flights -on request of AIS-C or pilot
• arrival messages for... -military flights -flights lannded on an aerodrome other than filed as destination -on request of AIS-C or pilot
• Radar shall be used by ATC to... -provide separation -monitor and vector aircraft -expedite the flow of air traffic -assist pilots in circumnavigating areas of adverse weather, in solving navigational problems, in special situations and by issuing traffic information
• Where SSR is used, aircraft may be identified by one or more of the following procedures: -recognition of the aircraft in a label -recognition of an assigned discrete code in a label -by transfer of identification -observation of compliance with an instruction to set or change a specific code -observation of compliance with an instruction to squawk IDENT
• Where SSR is NOT used or available, identification shall be established by at least one of the following methods: -by correlating an observed position indication with an aircraft which is known to have just departed, provided that the identification is established within 1 NM from the end of the runway used -by correlating a particular position indication with an aircraft reporting its position over, or as bearing and distance from a point displayed on the situation display, and by ascertaining that the track of the particular position indication is consistent with the aircraft path or reported heading -Recognition of the position indication of an aircraft on a radial and arc of a navigation aid reported by the pilot -Recognition of the position indication of an aircraft having executed heading changes of 30 degrees or more that were prescribed by the controller and/or confirmed by the pilot (maximum time of heading change 2 minutes) -Recognition of the position indication of an aircraft whose reported heading coincides with the observed track intersected by a D/F line of position -by transfer of identification
• Clearances issued by air traffic control units shall provide separation between: a) between all flights in airspace Classes A and B b) between IFR flights in airspace Classes C, D and E c) between IFR flights and VFR flights in airspace Class C d) between IFR flights and special VFR flights
• A controller may clear an aircraft to proceed subject to maintaining own separation and remaining in VMC, provided all of the following conditions are met: -the procedure is applied only during daytime - the procedure is applied below FL 100 - the procedure is applied in airspace classes D or E - the procedure is applied during climb or descent - the pilot requests or agrees to this procedure - the pilot of the other aircraft agrees to this procedure - the application of the procedure is limited to a specified time or a specified point/level
• separation formation flights the prescribed radar separation minimum shall be increased by 1 NM If two formations are separated from each other, the prescribed radar separation minimum shall be increased by 2 NM
• conditional clearance -the clearance relates to the immediately next aircraft, vehicle or taxi movement -the object concerned can be visually identified by the appropriate pilot / vehicle driver -the controller has the objects involved in sight -the instruction is issued in a clear and unmistakable manner -the pilot / vehicle driver shall obtain a confirmation that the instruction has been read back correctly -the execution of the instruction shall be monitored -traffic information shall be provided, as appropriate
• maximum speeds -Maximum speeds below FL 100: IFR: In airspace classes D, E, F und G max. 250 kt IAS VFR: In airspace classes C, D, E, F and G max. 250 kt IAS -There are no maximum speeds published at/above FL 100
• speed control -up to about 12 NM from touchdown instructed speeds should not be less than 200 kt IAS -Between 12 NM and about 4 NM from touchdown instructed speeds should not be lower than 150 kt IAS - Instructed speeds should not be applied to aircraft on final approach after having passed a point 4 NM from touchdown
• during the operation of the ILS, aircraft shall only be allowed in the critical area under following conditions: 1) As soon as the controller expects that a landed aircraft will taxi through the critical area of the ILS localiser, the following information shall be given to the other approaching aircraft on the respective frequencies (TWR or APP): “Expect short-time ILS interference”. 2) It shall be ensured that the taxi process is executed without delay 3) No vehicles shall be allowed in the critical area during the operation of the ILS
• Operation according to CAT II 1) CAT II shall be selected on the status monitor and selector system 2) visual approach lighting system shall be switched off 3) EFAS shall be switched off 4) runway centre line lights shall be switched on 5) red side row barrettes shall be switched on 6) taxiway centre line lights shall be switched on 7) stop bars shall be switched on 8) operations according to CAT II shall be announced via ATIS; LOW VISIBILITY PROCEDURES CAT II IN OPERATION 9) the ILS of the opposite direction shall be switched off 10) during approaches acc. to CAT II aircraft shall be instructed to hold at the respective holding point; HALTEN SIE AM CAT IIROLLHALT HOLD AT CAT II HOLDING POINT  11) The critical area of the ILS localiser shall be vacated no later than when the next approaching aircraft on final approach track is 4 NM from touchdown. If this is not the case, the approaching aircraft shall be instructed to conduct a missed approach
• LVTO Operation Low visibility take-off: RVR <400m 1) LVTO operations shall be announced via ATIS: LOW-VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF PROCEDURES IN OPERATION 2) During approaches acc. to CAT II or III, aircraft shall be instructed to hold at the respective holding point. HALTEN SIE AM CAT II/IIIROLLHALT
• Operation according to CAT III 1) CAT III shall be selected on the status monitor and selector system 2) visual approach lighting system shall be switched off 3) EFAS shall be switched off 4) runway centre line lights shall be switched on 5) red side row barrettes shall be switched on 6) taxiway centre line lighting shall be switched on 7) stopbars shall be switched on 8) operations acc. to CAT III shall be announced via ATIS : LOW-VISIBILITY PROCEDURES CAT III IN OPERATION 9) The ILS of the opposite direction shall be switched off 10) During approaches acc. to CAT III, aircraft shall be instructed to hold at the respective holding point; HALTEN SIE AM CAT III ROLLHALT HOLD AT CAT III HOLDING POINT 11) The critical area of the ILS localiser shall be vacated no later than when the next approaching aircraft on final approach track is 4 NM from touchdown
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• CDA Continuous Descent Approach / optimized profile descent: designed to reduce fuel consumption and noise compared to other conventional descents ein Anflugverfahren, bei dem das Luftfahrzeug mit minimaler Triebwerksleistung (idealerweise im Leerlauf) sinkt und weitestgehend Horizontalflugphasen vermeidet.
• Two successive departures from the same aerodrome shall be separated by applying one of the following minima: longitudinal separation -less than 1 minute between take-offs when different runways are used and the departure routes to be followed immediately after take-off diverge by at least 45° -1 minute separation if aircraft are to fly on tracks diverging by at least 45° immediately after take-off so that lateral separation is provided -2 minutes if the preceding aircraft is 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft and both aircraft propose to follow the same track
• Time-based wake turbulence longitudinal separation minima for arriving aircraft a) MEDIUM behind HEAVY (no A388) 2 minutes b) MEDIUM behind an A388 3 minutes c) LIGHT behind HEAVY (no A388) / MEDIUM 3 minutes d) LIGHT behind an A388 4 minutes
• RAFIS radar assisted flight information service is provided for military VFR flights within the FIR of a military approach control unit
• traffic information based on radar information -a short description of the target concerned -azimuth from the target in terms of the 12-hour clock -distance from the target -general direction in which the target is proceeding -other information known or recognisable
• Flight-plan-associated messages CHG   modification messages CNL   flight plan cancellation messages DEP   departure mess ARR   arrival mess DLA   delay mess
• INCERFA uncertainty phase no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of 30 minutes after the time a communication should have been received; or an aircraft fails to arrive within 30 minutes of the estimated time of arrival last notified to /estimated by the ATC unit
• ALERFA alert phase the inquiries initiated during the uncertainty phase have passed without result or an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within 5 minutes of the estimated time of arrival and communication no longer exists
• DETRESFA distress phase following the alert phase, further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress; or the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted or information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely or information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing
• If the pilot is able to receive transmissions but can transmit only... the carrier wave - 1 click indicates YES or serves as acknowledgement - 2 clicks indicate NO - 3 clicks indicate SAY AGAIN
• MAYDAY - LOW ON FUEL The fuel supply is exhausted to such an extent that it constitutes an imminent danger and the pilot requests immediate assistance
• MAYDAY - MINIMUM FUEL The fuel supply is exhausted to such an extent that it falls short of the minimum amount specified for a safe termination of the flight and the pilot deems priority handling necessary
• radio check 1 = unreadable 2 = readable now and then 3 = readable but with difficulty 4 = readable 5 = perfectly readable
• Measures to be taken for CAT II/CAT III RVR: ≤ 1000 mand/or ceiling: ≤ 300 ft 1) CAT II shall be selected on the status monitor and selector system 2) secondary power supply for optical and non-optical landing aids shall be switched on 3) sensitive area(s) shall be vacated and critical area(s) shall be checked whether vacant-if applicable. Note: Critical and sensitive areas are considered to be vacated if this is confirmed by the airport operator 4) the ILS of the opposite direction shall be switched off provided there are no operational reasons for not doing so If the status monitor and selector system fails, CAT II resp. III is not available
• Measures to be taken for LVTO RVR: ≤ 600 m: Stop bars shall be switched on RVR: 400 m 1) LVTO resp. CAT II shall be selected on the status monitor and selector system 2) runway centre line lights shall be switched on 3) taxiway centre line lighting shall be switched on
• ATFCM air traffic flow and capacity management contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that ATC capacity is utilised to the maximum extent possible enable flight punctuality and efficiency, according to the available resources with the emphasis on optimising the network capacity through the collaborative decision making process
• SAM SRM SLC FLS DES REA Slot allocation message Slot revision message Slot requirement cancellation mess. Flight suspension mess. De-suspension message Ready mess.
• functions of a flight plan inform the competent ATC units,enabling them to provide air traffic control service as well as flightinformation service and alerting service
• FPL RPL Individual Flight Plan Repetitive Flight Plan (at least ten IFR flights planned by same operator for flights which will take place regularly, at least once a week)
• A pilot shall submit a flights plan for... a) any flight or portion with ATC serviceb) any IFR flight within advisory airspace (not in Germany)c) any flight to facilitate the provision of FIS and alerting serviced) any flight to facilitate coordination with military units or other ATS units to avoid the possible need of interception for the purpose of identificatione) any flights across the border unless otherwise prescribed bythe statef) any flight at night leaving the vicinity of an aerodromeg) any aerobatics in controlled airspace and over controlled aerodromes

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