13
Linguistik Seminar (Subject) / Neu (Lesson)
Klausur
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- Tense simply indicates whether an action occurred in the past, present or future.
- aspect is a somewhat richer concept, and includes information about how the event take/took place through time. Was the action instantaneous, continuous, or habitual?
- subcategories of synthetic languages AgglutinatingPolysyntheticInflectional
- symbol No resemblance between signifier and signified —> must be cultural learnede.g. numbers and letters
- icon Physical resemblance with what is representede.g. photograph
- index Shows evidence of whats being representede.g. smoke indicates fire
- vagueness unspecified for certain semantic features (monarch —> unspecified for sex)Flexible useOne meaning
- Categorisation: traditional view: object counts as x just in case it possesses all features that define an xPrototype view: reject classical view —> not all birds fly, still birds
- Fuzziness: - no clear cut boundaries (cup, bowl) depend on speaker
- Family resemblance: family member usually resemble each other with respect to various crisscrossing similarities
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- Prototype: characterized by a high degree of family resemblance
- Metaphor transfer, carry across —> figure of speech relationship of similarity between two terms from different domains
- Metonymy change of name word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word I hate Goethe —> you don’t hate the person but his works