• Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• Deviation of the origin of the aorta to the right so that it overrides the VSD
• Concentric right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy

Therapie:

Reparative surgery, which is usually performed electively in the first year of life permits over 85 percent of children to survive to adulthood

Severely symptomatic cyanotic newborns may require intravenous prostaglandin (also known as alprostadil) to maintain ductal patency and pulmonary flow pending more definitive therapy

An occasional infant with increased pulmonary blood flow requires digoxin and diuretics for heart failure. These drugs should be discontinued as RV obstruction progresses

knee-chest position to increase systemic vascular resistance, which promotes movement of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circulation rather than the aorta.

intravenous morphine and a fluid bolus. The mechanism of action of morphine is unclear, while fluids improve RV filling and pulmonary flow.

intravenous beta blockers (eg, propranolol or esmolol) can be administered. The presumed mechanism of benefit is relaxation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with improved pulmonary blood flow. If this is insufficient, systemic afterload can be increased with intravenous phenylephrine

Blalock-Taussig shunt: aorta-to-pulmonary artery connection (palliative procedure for infants who may not be acceptable candidates for intracardiac repair due to prematurity, hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, or coronary artery anatomy)

Intracardiac repair: patch closure of the ventricular septal defect and enlargement of the RVOT. The latter is accomplished by relieving pulmonary stenosis, resecting infundibular and subinfundibular muscle bundles and if necessary by a transannular patch, creating unobstructed flow from the RV into the pulmonary arteries