Biotechnologie (Fach) / Definition of modern biotech vs trad (Lektion)
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- Biotechnology? is the manipulation of living organisms or organic material to serve human needs.ORtechnology based on biology Examples:Yeast in bread and alcohol productionUse of beneficial bacteria to kill harmful organismsCloning of plants and animalsArtificial insemination
- Why biotech? this concept was developed to help produce more food with a higher nutritional value for consumption in starving countries
- recombinant DNA technology DNA molecules from different sources are combined in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene This new gene is inserted into the organism of interest, causing the expression of a modified trait and this, creating geneticylla modified organisms.
- 4 major applications of biotechnology red: medical white: industrial green: agricultural field blue: marine field
- Why Green Biotech? to improve crop yield to reduce crop susceptibility to environmental stress to reduce crop susceptibility to pathogens to increase the crops nutritional value to improve taste and texture of the crop to reduec dependency of cropis on pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
- GMO Genetically modified organisms Any organism that has had genetic material altered by genetic engineering techniques (biotech). Also known as transgenic
- transgenic microbes Bacteria: the synthetic version of the human insulin gene was inserted into E.Coli to produce synthesized insulin. The sweetener in most diet sodas (phenylalanin) is made by transgenic bacteria
- Agencies for trangsgenic plants regulations EFSAFDA (Food and Drug Administration)EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
- Transgenic plant example BT corn - insecticide sweet corn produces a toxin that kills insects that feed upon it modified with Bacillus thuringiensis
- BT Corn Advantage and disadvantages +:no need to apply insecticides --> saving money, better for environment -:may cause resistane in insects may kill beneficial insects considered to be "franken food"
- golden rice modified to contain large amounts of beta-caroteneinsected genes were from bacterium and two from daffodils +: nutrient for third world countries, helps balance diet of countires with limited diets consinsting mainly of rice (asia) -: makes third world countries depent on rich western world"franken food"
- flavr savr tomato market in 1994first genetically modfiied food available for costumers +: fresher longer, can ripen on vine --> better flavourcan tolerate longer transportation -:used genes made them resistant to antibiotics"novel food" fear
- canola pesticie resistant rapeModified to be resistant to pesticides that re applied on field crop +: less pesticidecan use more environmentally friendly pesticidemore money for farmer -: genes can be transferred to insects causing resistant insectsplants can pollinate weeds, transferring herbicide resistance
- transgenic milk rBST (recombinant bovine somatotropin) or rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone) --> increases milk production 10-30% +:increased milk productionreduction in animal feedaids in water conservation -:believed to be linked to cancer in humansbelieved to cause early development in young girlsagression in young boys