Englisch (Fach) / Indymedia (Lektion)

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• local newspaper - regular circulation - general news that affect the local community - written form - Only in those areas available- internal perspective
• online newspaper - not "regular" - available from everywhere- general news- written form 
• Participatory Culture (1.) - relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement
• Participatory Culture (2.) - Strong support for creating and sharing creations with others
• Participatory Culture (3.) Some type of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced is passed along 
• Participatory Culture (4.) - members who believe that the contribution matters
• Participatory Culture (5.) - members who feel some degree of social connection with one another (at least they care about what other people think about what they have created) 
• Convergence Culture (impact) - impact on structure and subjectivity of professional journalists--> professional hast to compete with "produsers"
• Convergence Culture - top down - different formats - amateur writers - consumer now active - shift to "more integrated convergent or all in one media units" 
• Convergence Culture - bottom up - amatuer writers - increasing opportunities for "citizen journalism" - adding to professionally created content- creating (producing) original content
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• Convergence Culture - Issues - language- "culture clash" - lack of proper training - elitism- distrust
• convergence of media industries - the establishment of multimedia newsrooms and integrated news companies
• convergence of media production and consumption - increased use of the citizen consumer as a source
• media companies (convergence, need to learn) - learning how to accelerate the flow of media content
• convergence (consumer) - learning how to use different media technologies 
• citizen journalism -user generated content - balance between content and connectivity (adding or new original content)- balance between open and closed media systems (gatekeeping vs. gatewatching)
• "produsers" - consumer turned producer
• "produsers" - consumer turned producer
• professionals and amateurs work together - focus more an on the process than on the product
• different approaches in participatory news formats - most retain a defree of conventional editorial control - others publish list of submitted content immediatly / allow users to vote
• Journalists guided and influenced - tension between individual and collective level  --> (understand) recent trends in journalism regarding labor relationships --> technology not an independent factor --> makes possible changes- foced to give meaning to their work, construct own professional identity 
• Journalist as a person vs. professional - influence on news decision making 1. individual 2. group 3. organizational 4. cultural 
• Reciprocal Journalism (direct) - social media conversation - A - B - hyperlinking 
• Reciprocal Journalism (indirect) - A - B - C - hashtags - hyperlinking- crowdsourcing
• Reciprocal Journalism (sustained) - over prolonged time 
• New role conceptions - growing importance of crowdfunding and crowdsourcing - journalists feel uncomfortable pitching/promoting their work 
• Old role of the Journalist - writer / researcher- accountability
• new role of the Journalist - salesperson - accountability 
• crowdfunding e.g. SpotUs- financial - music, film, etc.
• crowdsourcing - e.g. wiki- information gathering  
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• Outsourcing - provide more content with less money - automated news provider's: - Journatic / Locallabs
• outsourced journalism - no participatory culture- no convergence culture - no state of the news 
• Types of Convergence 1. Technological Convergence - Multichannel 2. Production-consumption convergence - blurring of boundaries between audience and producers 3. convergence between actors / institutions- Texas Tribune, "Keystone Crossroads.." 4. convergence between business and editorial / reporting side- e.g. native advertising 
• reasons for convergence culture - money, resources / understaffed newsrooms- competition - quality- technological capability is growing 
• Hyperlocal news - smaller than local- news about "smaller parts" - to promote civic engagement - community orientated - embedded jouarnlism- fill a gap 
• collaborative approach - the Texas Tribune - voice of San Diego- MinnPost- newsworks 
• higly integrative approach - spotUs- independend media 
• business approach - DNAinfo- GoLocal24- Patch- Journatic--> many through advertising 

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