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British Cultural Studies (Fach) / Identity (Lektion)
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- Ethnic identity: the four nations - national loyality = strong among people in britain whose ancestors were not english --> joining a club - scotland = constant reminder of distinctiveness --> 1.) public life (education& legal&welfare system) are organized separately / 2.) way of speaking english (dialect Scots --> spoken by working class) / 3.) many symbols of scottishness / - feeling of scottish = not simple because of historical cultural split between highland and lowland - Wales = public life is similar to england / not many well known symbols / more regional than national - welsh lang. (important feature) --> Welsh (20% mother tongue / 3^6) - english = distinction between English & British
- Other ethnic identities - 100 of different ethnicities represented in britain - 2 major groupings - 1.) Black Caribbeans = longest established group --> most were born in britain --> wave began in 1948 / after 1962 slowed down but remained significant until the mid 70s --> practices closest to the white majority - 2.) cultural roots lie in and around the indian subcontinetn = known as asians --> wave took place at carribean wave --> 2nd wave took place in the late 60s and early 70s = following decades continues asian immigration (slower rate) --> parents want more control
- The family - typical northern european country - family identity is rather weak & notion of family has a low profile - family gatherings of any kind beyond the household unit are rare --> confined for christmas - family unit = basic living arrangement (nuclear family) - average # of ppl living in each household is lower than in rest of europe and # of ppl living alone is higher - proportion of children born outside marriage has risen / more than 40% of births - 85% born to parents who live together - about half live with the same two parents for the whole childhood
- Geographical identity - identity not too strong = ppl are too mobile and few live in the same place all their lives - local pride = ppl are happy to live in a nice place - strong sense of identification with a city - identity associated with the county - most ancient divisons of england - larger regional level = one well known sense of identity --> northerners = tough, honest, warm hearted --> southerners = soft, hypocritical, unfriendly
- Class - class system survived because of flexibility = always possible to go higher in class --> class system never swept away & awareness of class forms a major part of most of ppls sense of identity -ppl in britain = regard it as difficult to become friends with ppl from different background (to do with conscious loyalty and + belief of class system ) - classes = ≠ sets of attitudes and daily habits / ≠ eat food at ≠ times of the day / talk about ≠ topics using ≠ styles and accents / enjoy ≠ pastimes and sports / ≠ values about what things in life are most important / ≠ ideas about the correct way to behave - most obvious class sign = speech / accent - standard british english = english used in public - Received Pronounciation (RP) = most prestigious accent / combination of standard english spoke with an RP accent --> BBC or Queen's english - england & wales = strong regional accent --> working class / pure accent --> upper or middle class - social climbing = ppl try to appear as if they belong to as high a class as possible - different classes mix more easily - increase in the # of ppl from working class origins who are home owners and who do middle class jobs
- Men & women - ppl expect a large # of differences in everyday behaviour and roles - differences still there = men okay to look untidy / women okay to show emotions in public - differences reduced = men okay to get professional grooming service / women okay to get occasionally drunk - generally expected that men should play their full part in chores - public roles = large # of occupations have ceased to be associated with either men or women --> some exceptions ( positions of power and influence)
- Social and everyday contacts - high importance to everyday personal contacts they make - british desire to belong - clubs devoted to various sports and pastimes play an important part in ppls lives - ppl forge contacts with other ppl who share the same interest and attitudes --> important part of their social identity - work -- also social contacts and social identity
- religion and politics - neither religion nor politics is an important part of a persons social identity --> two don't go together - plays little part - religion or voting habits of future son or daughter-in-law is only of passing interest
- Identity in Northern Ireland - ethnicity, family, politics, religion are inter related - social class minor role in identity - polarized society --> most ppl are born into and stay in one or other of the communities for the whole of their lives --> 1.) ppl whose ancestors came form lowland scotland or england --> self-consciously protestant (north ireland should stay part of the UK) --> 2.) ppl whose ancestors were native irish --> catholic (want to be part of irish republic) - lives are segregated = ≠ housing estates, radio/tv program, doctors, chemists anniversaries, newspapers, schools - ppl who don't go to uni --> talking to someone from the other community is rare
- Being British - being british not very important - not normally actively patriotic - feel uncomfortable when in a convo with a person from a different country - don't feel that they are personally representing their country - only time that public opinion really become spatriotic is when is felt that british identity is threatened from the outside
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- Personal Identity: a sense of humour - personal quality = humour --> worst shame if regarded as a person with no humour - ability to laugh at yourself is highly prized --> the imperative to present yourself as having this quality is amazingly strong - another quality: bravery in the face of misfortune and modesty (quality which connects these two is the sense of humour)