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Medical Microbiology (Fach) / Urinary tract and Reproductive tract (Lektion)

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  • Inflammations & Infections Urethra => urethritis urether => uretitis bladder => cystitis kidney(s) => pyelonephritis painful urination, bladder feels full, cloudy or bloody urine 1000 different species or 100 coliform
  • Cystitis infection of bladder females 8x as high chance dysuria: difficult and painful urination E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas
  • Pyelonephritis pyronephritis infl. of one or both kidneys in 25% of untreated cystits cases fever,back/side pain E.coli can cause scars (reinfection)
  • STD: Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrheaeg(-)  diplococcus human only infects mucosal columnar cells males: 80-90% show symptoms pus in urethra females: only 50% symptoms (only infect cervix)
  • STD: Gonorrhea , additional disseases Pelvic inflammatory disease: fallopin tubes blocked (scarred) ectopic pregnancy possible Ophtalmin neonatorum: newborn eyes infected (treat with Antib or silver)
  • STD: Gonorrhea , Virulence adherence via pili to mucosal cells evasion IgA protease pili change (antigenic variation) lipopolysaccharides cause inflammation
  • Syphillis Treponema pallidum spirochetes (hidden flagella) won't grow in culture likes ph7.2-7.4 30-37°C survives 1 day in blood
  • Syphillis:primary stage multiplication at initial site of entry 1/3 peeps infected 10-60days solitary painless sore (chancre) like super infectious heals after 4-8 weeks
  • Syphillis: secondary stage dissemination to other tissue 18-26 weeks 1-6 weeks after chancre healed pale red rash all over body (contagious) 2-6 weeks to heal / may reappear periodically
  • Syphillis: tertiary 3-30 years may result in death 40-50% of cases hosts immune system friendly fire develop lesions called "gummas"  can effect cardiovascular or CNS easily treated with penicillin
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  • Chlamydia C.traclomatis / C.pneumoniae inner& outer membrane but no peptidoglycane (no cell wall) eyes and genitals effected infect columnar cells
  • Chlamydia: invasion Elementary body enters cell interferes with fusion of lysosomes multiply in phagosome as Reticulate BODY switch back to elementary body and use exocytosis
  • Chlamydia symptoms 35-50% non gonococcal urethritis 80% asymptomatic in females 25% in males Trachoma: rough scarring causes blindess
  • Human Papilloma Virus 30-40 strains transmitted 25% of women >30 years infected 13 typen can cause cancer HPV over 10 years most cases cervical cancer 6&11 cause 90% warts 16&18 most common
  • HIV & AIDS retrovirus ssRNA + reverse transcriptase T4 cells are targets CCR5 receptors (1/100 peeps mutated) evades immune system: latency ,antigenic shift acute infection asymptomatic / chronic lymphodenopathy
  • HIV & AIDS : stages 1) high virus titer CD4 killed / Macrophages infected 2)almost no virus in circulation / body tries to compensate lymphocyte loss 3) AIDS: CD8 destroy more CD4 cells /immune system failure / opportunistic infections
  • HIV & AIDS: treatment Protase inhibited (envelope & other proteins not functional) reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Corynebacterium diptheriae endotoxin (diphteria toxin) produced toxin production regulated by iron content ( iron content low means toxin production) ADP ribosyltransferase blocks elongation factor 2 no protein synthesis antibiotics: penicilllin erythromycin immunization vs antitoxin

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