British Cultural Studies (Fach) / Country and People (Lektion)

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• Origin of the adjective 'great' first used to distinguis it from smaller area in France ('Brittany')
• Geography - north-west coast of Europe - two large islands: - 1.) Republic of Ireland (Eire) --> governs most of Ireland - 2.) governs whole of Great Britain and North-East of Ireland and smaller islands - official name is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - United Kingdom = everyday speech (UK) - internet abr. = .uk - Great Britain Pound = GBP
• Looking for a name - in 19th and 20th = The British Isles - most common term = Great Britain & Ireland (ignores the smaller islands) - crown dependencies (not officially part of the UK) = Channel Islands / Isle of Man --> self-government (own parliament, own tax system / ruled by a Lieutenant Governor (appointed by the British government)
• Four nations - England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland  - completed in 1800 (irish parliament joined with the parliament of england, scotland and wales) - 1922 (most of ireland became a separate state)
• Dominant Culture - of ireland, wales and highland scotland = celtic (people spoke celtic) - lowland scotland and engalnd = germanic (people spoke germanic dialect) - different economic, social and legal systems / independent of each other - Welsh, Scottish and Irish feel a strong identity - separate sports teams 
• Albion - word used to refer to great britain as a whole  - celtic - early greek and roman name for great britain - albus = white 
• Britannia -  romans gave = southern province of britain (present England and Wales) - female embodiement of britain (helmet and trident / power over the sea) - reverse side of many british coins for 300 years + 
• Briton - word = official context (citizen of the UK)  - ancient briton= people living in south britain (before/during roman time (AD 43-410) )
• Caledonia, Cambria, Hibernia - roman names = scotland, wales and ireland
• Erin - poetic name = ireland 
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• The Emerald Isle - Ireland  (cause of its green countryside) 
• John Bull - fictional character (personifies englishness and english virtues) - appearance = 18th country gentleman / idyllic rural past 
• Scottish Clothes - kilt = skirt with a tartan pattern - worn by men - well known symbol 
• Characteristics - Irish = great talkers  - Scots = careful with money - Welsh = singing ability 
• Dominance of England - english is main lang. - political unification = england was able to assert her economic and military power over the other three nations - money = controlled by Bank of England - present monarch = Elizabeth II - Anglo-American-relations = relation between the governments of Britain & USA
• Instruments - Harp = Wales & Ireland - Bagpipe = Scotland 
• National loyalties - britain = where they live - british = nationality  - england ≠ UK  - long history of migration from scotland, wales, ireland --> england - people living in england do not see themselves as english, support country where they originally come from 
• People of Britain (2001) - white british = 88.6 - white other = 2.4 - asian indian = 1.8 - asian pakistani = 1.3 - mixed ethnicity = 1.2 - white irish = 1.1 - black caribbean = 1.0 - black african = 0.8 - asian bangladeshi = 0.5 - chinese = 0.4 - asian other = 0.4 
• Flag - Union Flag = Union Jack - national flag of UK - combination of  = cross of St. George / cross of St. Andrews / cross of St. Patricks

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