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Virology (MD PhD) (Fach) / Greber (Lektion)

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• Baltimore classification for viruses I) dsDNA: DNA infectious; Adeno, Herpes, Papova II) ssDNA: DNA infectious; Parvoviruses III) DNA retroviruses: DNA not infectious; Hepatitis B IV) (+) Sense RNA: viral RNA infectious; Picornaviruses V) (-) Sense RNA: viral RNA not infectious; Orthomyxo Paramyxo VI) RNA retroviruses: RNA not infectious; Onco, Lenti, HIV VII) ds RNA: RNA not infectious; Reovirus
• Capsid assembly Location Cytoplasm: Pox, Picorna  Nucleus: Adenovirus, Papovaviruses, Herpes 
• The Poxvirus Family - Only 3 poxviruses cause disease in humans 1. Variola (smallpox) 2. Molluscum contagiosum 3. Monkeypox  - encode all proteins for DNA & RNA synthesis --> replication in the cytoplasm
• Poxvirus model - Enveloped virus: two infectious forms1. Single lipid bilayer (Mature virion; MV) 2. Double lipid bilayer (extracellular virion; EV)  - 2nd lipid bilayer (Golgi derived)  - Double stranded DNA genome  - Accelerated spread of VacV by actin tails 
• Picornavirus Capsid - nonenveloped - basic unit: VP1-4 protomer which build pentamers - Virion: 12 pentamers - Outside: VP1-3; Inside: VP4  - capsid assembly occurs in the cytoplasm
• Adenovirus Capsid - assembly in the nucleus 3 viral proteins needed to replicate Human Adenovirus:1. TP: primer2. DNA Polymerase: synthesizer3. ssDBP: strand separator - Fiber binds to CAR to enter cell, calcium-depentent penetration - Protein VI disrupts membrane (penetration of the endosome, VI is hidden in inside the capsid)
• Secretory membranes - used for replication - (+)RNA viruses (Hepatitis C, SARS-Coronavirus, Picornaviruses [Poliovirus, Rhinovirus], Rubellavirus) --> membranes limit diffusion and increase the concentration of key agents--> membrane may provide specific lipids to drive assembly & replication (lipid signalling, vesicle trafficking)
• Papillomavirus HPV 16 - Early genes E1-7 = ReplicationE6 and 7 are oncogenic (inactivate p53 and pRb) - Late genes 1/2 = Capsid proteins - when HPV integrates into the host cell, E2 is destroyed which allows E6 and E7 to be expressed - Vaccine with L1 (major capsid protein)
• Adenovirus Infections - Respiratory tract- Eye (conjunctivitis)- Intestinal tract (diarrhea)- Kidney - self limiting in immunocompetent adults - acute or persistent/latent infections

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